Table 4.

Summary of studies in mixed states

Study	n/setting/diagnosis	Items/no. of factors	Rotation	Factor 1/variance	Factor 2/variance	Factor 3/variance	Factor 4/variance	Factor 5/variance	Total variance
Mixed studies
[9]	71 mixed/int /DSM-IV	12 items Young Mania Rating Scale and total score from Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score/5	Varimax	Hyperactivity, increased speech/18%	Poor judgment, irritability/16%	Psychosis, elevated mood, lack of insight/15%	Thought disorder, depressive symptoms (HDRS score)/10%	Altered sleep/10%	69%
[12]	644 mixed/NS/DSM-IV	21 items Young Mania Rating Scale and Montogomey-Asberg Depression Rating Scale/5	Varimax	Non-reactivity mood, depressive mood, depressive feelings, fatigue, suicide, distractibility, appetite; psychomotor agitation/18.5%	Thought disorder, elevated mood, increased speech, psychosis/10.6%	Altered sleep/7.2%	Appearance, Lack of insight, increased sexuality/5.4%	Disruptive–aggressive behavior, irritability/6.7%	48.4%

The clinical features within each factor in the different studies were extracted in decreasing order of loadings (higher loading first). The clinical items from each individual study were undergoing to the harmonization procedure described for mania.

Abbreviations: Int, intpatients; NS, not specified; Out, outpatients.