Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with biopsy proof or strong clinical evidence of metastatic disease by 100-day recurrence/death status
| Covariate | Entire group (n = 988) | Alive (n = 286) | Recurrence (n = 465) | Death (n = 237) | P-value† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | |||||
| Yes | 454 (46%) | 140 (49%) | 205 (44.1%) | 109 (46%) | 0.4300 |
| ECOG at baseline | |||||
| 0–1 | 261 (33.2%) | 97 (43.5%) | 129 (34.8%) | 35 (18.1%) | <0.0001 |
| 2–4 | 526 (66.8%) | 126 (56.5%) | 242 (65.2%) | 158 (81.9%) | |
| Cancer type | |||||
| Lung | 199 (20.1%) | 58 (20.3%) | 93 (20%) | 48 (20.3%) | 0.0313 |
| Solid non-lung | 578 (58.5%) | 151 (52.8%) | 291 (62.6%) | 136 (57.4%) | |
| Liquid | 211 (21.4%) | 77 (26.9%) | 81 (17.4%) | 53 (22.4%) | |
| CHF present | |||||
| Yes | 85 (8.6%) | 28 (9.8%) | 41 (8.8%) | 16 (6.8%) | 0.4553 |
| Ascites present | |||||
| Yes | 115 (11.6%) | 29 (10.1%) | 42 (9%) | 44 (18.6%) | 0.0006 |
| High clinical suspicion of pneumonia | |||||
| Yes | 327 (33.1%) | 104 (36.4%) | 134 (28.8%) | 89 (37.6%) | 0.0254 |
| Chemotherapy within 30 days prior to tap | |||||
| Yes | 616 (62.3%) | 173 (60.5%) | 294 (63.2%) | 149 (62.9%) | 0.7405 |
| Radiation within 30 days prior to tap | |||||
| Yes | 121 (12.2%) | 30 (10.5%) | 56 (12%) | 35 (14.8%) | 0.3260 |
| Chemotherapy within 30 days after tap | |||||
| Yes | 582 (58.9%) | 188 (65.7%) | 306 (65.8%) | 88 (37.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Radiation within 30 days after tap | |||||
| Yes | 102 (10.3%) | 24 (8.4%) | 58 (12.5%) | 20 (8.4%) | 0.1117 |
| Surgery within 30 days prior to tap | |||||
| Yes | 44 (4.5%) | 17 (5.9%) | 18 (3.9%) | 9 (3.8%) | 0.3493 |
| Right-sided effusion present | |||||
| Yes | 564 (57.1%) | 165 (57.7%) | 265 (57%) | 134 (56.5%) | 0.9639 |
| Contralateral effusion present | |||||
| Yes | 677 (68.5%) | 204 (71.3%) | 296 (63.7%) | 177 (74.7%) | 0.0057 |
| Size of the effusion on chest X-ray | |||||
| (1) Blunting of costophrenic angle | 103 (10.4%) | 43 (15%) | 25 (5.4%) | 35 (14.8%) | <0.0001 |
| (2) Vascular pedicle | 334 (33.8%) | 126 (44.1%) | 123 (26.5%) | 85 (35.9%) | |
| (3) Cardiac silhouette | 352 (35.6%) | 76 (26.6%) | 191 (41.1%) | 85 (35.9%) | |
| (4) Aortic arch or higher | 199 (20.1%) | 41 (14.3%) | 126 (27.1%) | 32 (13.5%) | |
| Cytology negative | |||||
| Yes | 447 (45.2%) | 186 (65%) | 158 (34%) | 103 (43.5%) | <0.0001 |
†
Chi-square test was used unless specified.
CHF, congestive heart failure; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.