Figure 4. Prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae (A) and bacterial alpha diversity (number of Exact Sequence Variants (ESV’s) per sample, B) exhibited opposite responses to temperature, but both metrics were lower in parasite-inoculated bees.

Lines and shaded bands show fitted means and standard errors from binomial (A) or Poisson (B) linear mixed models, back-transformed to probabilities (from the logit scale) or counts (from the log scale). Circles and solid line: parasite infection treatment; triangles and dotted line: sham infection treatment. Predictions in (B) are averaged over colonies. Shaded bands indicate uncertainty from the fixed effects portion of the model only. Points show the five tested incubation temperatures.