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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 25.
Published in final edited form as: Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2018 Sep 24;1865(8):2060–2067. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.025

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4.

Acetyl-CoA synthesis supported by β-hydroxybutyrate (βOHB), fatty acids β-oxidation, and acetyl-l-carnitine metabolism. Acetyl-CoA can be generated from pyruvate, βOHB, β-oxidation of fatty acids (particularly in astrocytes), and from acetyl-l-carnitine. During these metabolic reactions NAD+ is reduced to NADH.