Table 2. Magnitude of changes in community exposure to malaria messages, Jimma Zone, SBCC target districts, 2017–19 (Baseline, n = 762; End-line, n = 759).
| Elements of exposure (last 6 months) | Magnitude of exposure | Change | Statistical tests | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | End-line | ES | |||||
| No. | % | No. | % | % (95% CI) | t/Chi-square | p-value | |
| A. Exposure: Reach (rate) | 72 | 9.4 | 569 | 75.1 | +65.7 (+54.5,+73.4) | x2 = 670.0 | <0.001 |
| Specific sources of exposure | n = 504 | n = 3,963 | |||||
| Health Extension Workers (HEWs) | 47 | 65.3 | 400 | 70.3 | +5.0 (-2.1, +11.3) | x2 = 0.763 | 0.382 |
| School community (student/teachers) | 3 | 4.2 | 263 | 46.2 | +42.0 (+33.4, +51.2) | x2 = 31.96 | 0.003 |
| Health workers (professionals) | 8 | 11.1 | 209 | 36.7 | +25.6 (+21.2, +31.3) | x2 = 18.74 | <0.001 |
| Radio | 24 | 33.3 | 160 | 28.1 | -5.2 (-7.3, + 2.4) | x2 = 0.849 | 0.357 |
| Health Development Army/neighbors | 6 | 8.4 | 77 | 13.5 | +5.1 (-8.2, +3.2) | x2 = 2.61 | 0.863 |
| Television (TV) | 3 | 4.2 | 37 | 6.5 | +2.3 (-2.5, +7.6) | x2 = 0.60 | 0.440 |
| Others* | 21 | 29.2 | 43 | 9.0 | -20.2 (-28.4, -14.5) | x2 = 117.0 | <0.001 |
| B. Exposure: Source repetition *** | 112 | 22.1 | 1,189 | 30.0 | +7.9 (+5.1, +12.2) | t = 9.74 | <0.001 |
| Specific message contents of exposure (counts) | n = 504 | n = 3,963 | |||||
| Sleeping under ITN-every night | 59 | 81.9 | 460 | 80.8 | -0.8 (-2.4, +1.9) | x2 = 0.42 | 0.799 |
| Environmental sanitation is preventive | 64 | 88.9 | 447 | 78.4 | -10.5 (-14.3, -5.8) | x2 = 4.31 | 0.038 |
| Proper use of anti-malarial drugs | 10 | 13.9 | 206 | 36.1 | +22.2 (+17.6, +28.7) | x2 = 4.18 | <0.001 |
| Give priority to PWs & <5 (ITN) | 5 | 6.9 | 200 | 35.2 | +28.3 (+19.5, +37.1) | x2 = 23.45 | <0.001 |
| Seek treatment for fever early | 7 | 9.7 | 144 | 25.3 | +15.6 (+11.3, +19.4) | x2 = 8.58 | 0.003 |
| How to wash ITN** | 3 | 4.2 | 118 | 20.7 | +16.5 (+7.2, 24.9) | x2 = 11.43 | <0.001 |
| Indoor residual spraying (IRS)** | 5 | 6.9 | 116 | 20.4 | +13.5 (+6.3, +21.6) | x2 = 7.51 | <0.001 |
| C. Exposure: Content intensity *** | 153 | 31.4 | 1,691 | 42.7 | +11.3 (+8.9, 15.3) | t = 4.29 | <0.001 |
*Others: religious leaders at mosques, church, and community gatherings; print materials; market places; traditional associations, etc.
**How to wash ITN refers: every 3 months, don't dry in sunlight, don't wash on a hard surface, stitch when torn, etc., and IRS; don't post the wall within 6 months of spray.
***Counts of person-to-all sources (for repetition) and person-all specific messages (for content intensity), and ES: Effect Size.