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. 2020 Jun 25;15(6):e0235122. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235122

Table 1. Patient characteristics.

Recurrent stroke within first year No recurrent stroke Statistics OR (95% CI) / p-value
Patients (N) 79/1068 (7.4%) 989/1068 (92.6%)
Age in years [mean ± SD] 66.9 ± 14.5 68.2 ± 13.2 0.387
Sex
    Female 44/79 (55.7%) 483/989 (48.8%) 1.317 (0.830–2.089)
    Male 35/79 (44.3%) 506/989 (51.2%)
TOAST subtypes of stroke ≤ 0.001
    Cardioembolism 24/79 (30.4%) 313/989 (31.6%)
    Large-artery atherosclerosis 25/79 (31.6%) 222/989 (22.4%)
    Small vessel occlusion 5/79 (6.3%) 168/989 (17.0%)
    Stroke of undetermined etiology 17/79 (21.5%) 263/989 (26.6%)
    Stroke of other determined etiology 8/79 (10.1%) 23/989 (2.3%)
History of hypertension 67/79 (84.8%) 784/989 (79.3%) 1.460 (0.775–2.750)
Diabetes mellitus II 35/79 (44.3%) 392/989 (39.6%) 1.211 (0.763–1.923)
Dyslipidemia 64/79 (81.0%) 704/989 (71.2%) 1.727 (0.968–3.081)
Smoking status§
    Current 20/79 (25.3%) 205/967 (21.2%) 1.260 (0.742–2.141)
    Former 25/79 (31.6%) 390/967 (40.3%)
    Never 34/79 (43.0%) 372/967 (38.5%)
Alcohol consumption$ 25/79 (31.6%) 344/936 (36.8%) 0.797 (0.487–1.304)
BMI ≥ 25 63/79 (79.7%) 786/989 (79.5%) 1.017 (0.575–1.798)
Peripheral vascular disease 13/79 (16.5%) 107/989 (10.8%) 1.624 (0.867–3.041)
Coronary artery disease 33/79 (41.8%) 301/989 (30.4%) 1.640 (1.028–2.616)
Atrial fibrillation 18/79 (22.8%) 223/989 (22.5%) 1.014 (0.587–1.751)
Prior stroke 35/79 (44.3%) 75/989 (7.6%) 9.694 (5.865–16.022)
Carotid stenosis 28/79 (35.4%) 384/989 (38.8%) 0.865 (0.536–1.396)
Intracranial arteriosclerosis 32/79 (40.5%) 333/989 (33.7%) 1.341 (0.840–2.142)
Anemia 13/79 (16.5%) 145/989 (14.7%) 1.146 (0.617–2.132)
Pro-coagulant coagulation disorder 9/79 (11.4%) 31/989 (3.1%) 3.973 (1.820–8.674)
COPD 9/79 (11.4%) 120/989 (12.1%) 0.931 (0.453–1.912)
Sleep apnea 11/79 (13.9%) 104/989 (10.5%) 1.377 (0.705–2.686)
Family history 24/79 (30.4%) 207/989 (20.9%) 1.648 (0.996–2.727)
Home medication
    Anti-platelet 53/79 (67.1%) 291/989 (29.4%) 4.878 (3.003–8.000)
    Anticoagulation 14/79 (17.7%) 65/989 (6.6%) 3.062 (1.631–5.748)
    Statins 55/79 (69.6%) 296/989 (29.9%) 5.365 (3.259–8.832)
    ACE-/AT1-inhibitor 30/79 (38.0%) 266/989 (26.9%) 1.664 (1.034–2.678)
    Beta blocker 41/79 (51.9%) 338/989 (34.2%) 2.078 (1.311–3.293)
    Oral anti-diabetic 17/79 (21.5%) 127/989 (12.8%) 1.861 (1.055–3.284)
Outcome at discharge (mRS)#
    0–2 28/79 (35.4%) 352/985 (35.7%) 0.987 (0.611–1.594)
    6 (dead) 1/79 (1.3%) 24/985 (2.4%) 0.513 (0.069–3.845)
Outcome after 90 days (mRS)
    0–2 38/77 (49.4%) 658/967 (68.0%) 0.458 (0.287–0.730)
    6 (dead) 6/77 (7.8%) 57/967 (5.9%) 1.349 (0.562–3.237)

Data missing in § 22 patients, $ 53 patients, # 4 patients, † 24 patients