Table 1. Clinical and echocardiographic parameters.
| Total (N = 324) | Male (n = 157) | Female (n = 167) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49 ± 16 | 50 ± 16 | 48 ± 15 | 0.301 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 1.6 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.9 ± 2.9 | 23.3 ± 2.4 | 22.5 ± 3.2 | 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120 ± 13 | 123 ± 12 | 117 ± 13 | < 0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 72 ± 10 | 74 ± 10 | 71 ± 10 | 0.011 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 68 ± 10 | 67 ± 10 | 69 ± 10 | 0.133 |
| LV end diastolic volume (mL) | 103 ± 22 | 113 ± 21 | 93 ± 17 | < 0.001 |
| LV end systolic volume (mL) | 39 ± 10 | 43 ± 10 | 35 ± 9 | < 0.001 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 62 ± 4 | 62 ± 4 | 63 ± 4 | 0.162 |
| LV mass index (g/m2) | 75 ± 14 | 78 ± 14 | 71 ± 14 | < 0.001 |
| LA volume index (mL/m2) | 27 ± 6 | 27 ± 6 | 28 ± 7 | 0.647 |
| E velocity (cm/s) | 69 ± 16 | 66 ± 15 | 72 ± 17 | 0.001 |
| A velocity (cm/s) | 60 ± 17 | 60 ± 17 | 60 ± 16 | 0.977 |
| E/A ratio | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 0.030 |
| E′ velocity septal (cm/s) | 9.3 ± 2.9 | 9.1 ± 2.8 | 9.5 ± 3.0 | 0.244 |
| E′ velocity lateral (cm/s) | 12.6 ± 3.7 | 12.3 ± 3.7 | 12.8 ± 3.7 | 0.254 |
| E/E′ ratio septal | 7.9 ± 2.3 | 7.7 ± 2.2 | 8.1 ± 2.4 | 0.090 |
| E/E′ ratio lateral | 5.9 ± 1.8 | 5.7 ± 1.8 | 6.0 ± 1.8 | 0.203 |
| Deceleration time (ms) | 209 ± 38 | 211 ± 39 | 207 ± 38 | 0.303 |
| Isovolumic relaxation time (ms) | 84 ± 15 | 84 ± 14 | 84 ± 16 | 0.677 |
LA: left atrium, LV: left ventricle.