Table 1:
Sample Characteristics
| Variable | SRC (N=59) | CC (N=54) | NCC (N=30) | Statistics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. by Visit (BL/EA/LA/8d/15d/45d) | 59/36/56/55/49/44 | 54/54/52/51/49/45 | 30/30/30/27/29/28 | |
| Age | 18.02 (1.58) | 18.30 (1.70) | 19.10(1.75) | F(2, 140)=4.26, p=0.02 |
| Race, No. White/NonWhite* | 42/16 | 41/13 | 25/5 | X2(2)=1.30, p=0.52 |
| Ethnicity, No. Not Hispanic/Hispanic/NR or Unknown | 49/5/5 | 47/3/4 | 26/3/1 | FET, p=0.86 |
| Years of education | 12.97(1.53) | 13.20(1.58) | 13.60(1.48) | F(2,140)=1.69, p=0.19 |
| No. Participants in College | 47 | 42 | 26 | X2(2)=1.00, p=0.60 |
| WTAR Standard Score | 98.52(14.93) | 99.85(12.95) | 104.17(8.74) | F(2,140)=1.88, p=0.16 |
| Household socioeconomic status | 46.03(10.34) | 45.58(11.37) | 50.23(7.48) | F(2,137)=2.23, p=0.11 |
| Body Mass Index | 29.09(5.51) | 28.87 (5.43) | 24.60(2.95) | F(2,140)=8.93, p<0.001 |
| Years of Participation in Sport | 7.66 (3.47) | 8.18 (2.63) | 12.17(4.27) | F(2,139)=19.18, p<0.001 |
| Median No. of Prior Concussions (range) | 1 (0–4) | 0 (0–4) | -- | H(2)= 21.83, p<0.001 |
| Prior Concussion, No. Yes/No | 30/29 | 21/33 | 0/30 | X2(2)=22.80, p<0.001 |
| Position, No. | FET, p=0.28 | |||
| Offensive/Defensive Line | 24 | 20 | ||
| Wide Receiver/Tight End/Quarterback/Running Back | 14 | 18 | ||
| Linebacker/Defensive Back | 21 | 14 | ||
| Kicker | 0 | 2 | ||
| Handedness, No. Right/Left/Ambidextrous | 52/4/3 | 47/5/2 | 23/6/1 | FET, p=0.42 |
| Late-Acute Clinical Measures | ||||
| SCAT Symptom Severity Score | 20.70 (18.01) | 1.50 (2.75) | 1.87(3.04) | F(2, 135)=44.14, p<0.001 |
| BESS Total Score | 12.76 (5.23) | 8.90 (4.06) | 12.17(5.26) | F(2, 132)=9.19, p<0.001 |
| SAC Total Score | 25.91 (2.50) | 26.06 (2.63) | 27.30(1.84) | F(2, 135)=3.52, p=0.03 |
Note: Mean and standard deviation are shown unless otherwise indicated. SRC = sport-related concussion, CC= contact control, NCC= noncontact Control, BL =baseline visit, EA= early-acute visit, LA = late-acute visit, 8d= 8-day visit, 15d= 15-day visit, 45d= 45-day visit, NR = not reported, No. = number, * race not reported for one concussed athlete, FET = Fisher’s Exact Test, SCAT = Sport Concussion Assessment Tool, BESS = Balance Error Scoring System, SAC = Standardized Assessment of Concussion.