Table 3.

Clinical features at the time of kidney allograft biopsy and renal histopathological findings

Patient	Allograft	Delayed graft function	Time from Tx, (months)	Treatment with XOR inhibitor	Renal histolopathogical findings	eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2)
1	1	No	0.75	Febuxostat 40 mg	Numerous Intratubular DHA crystal deposits	23
2	1	No	0.75	None	Extensive crystal deposits	Dialysis
	2	No	0.03	None	Acute tubular necrosis; no crystals	6
			0.1	None	Intratubular crystal deposits	25
			4	None	Extensive crystal deposits within the interstitium	29
			5	None	Mild focal interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy associated with mild inflammation; polarizable intraluminal crystals in several tubules	20
			12	Allopurinol 200 mg	Minimal interstitial fibrosis and focal tubular atrophy; occasional intratubular crystals	17
3	1	No	3.5	None	Intratubular crystal deposits	40
			4	None	Subjectively more crystals within the tubules	-
4	1	No	0.75	None	Diffuse intratubular crystals identified as DHA	8
5	1	No	36	None	Intratubular crystals assumed to be uric acid	20
			37	None	Diffuse crystal nephropathy with tubulointerstitial inflammatory infiltrates; crystals thought to be uric acid	10
			39	Allopurinol 150 mg	Persistence of intratubular brown crystals	23
6	1	Yes	0.1	None	No crystals detected	Dialysis
			0.75	None	Crystal deposits presumed to be oxalate	24
			1.2	Allopurinol 300 mg	Crystal deposits suspected to be DHA	26
			2.1	Allopurinol 300 mg	DHA crystals identified	43
			12	Febuxostat 80 mg	Crystals present (15%); severe tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis (>50%)	48
7	1	No	2	Allopurinol 300 mg	DHA crystals present	52
			12	Allopurinol 300 mg	No crystals detected	47
8	2	Yes	1	None	Multiple strongly birefringent DHA crystals in tubules	-
			12	Allopurinol 300 mg	Crystal deposits within tubules and interstitium	-
			19	Allopurinol 300 mg	No crystals detected	-
	3	Yes	1	Allopurinol 300 mg	No crystal detected	-
	4	No	0.25	None	No crystals detected	-
			1.2	None	Intratubular crystal deposits	-
			2	Allopurinol 150 mg × 2/week	Multiple deposits of highly birefringent crystals	11
9	1	Yes	0.25	Allopurinol 300 mg	Acute tubular necrosis; no crystals	-
12	1	No	0.75	Allopurinol 600 mg*	-	51
			4	Allopurinol 300 mg*	Extensive DHA crystal deposits	20
			5	Allopurinol 450 mg*	20–30% reduction in DHA crystals	20
			12	Allopurinol 300 mg, Febuxostat 80 mg*	Some reduction in DHA crystals	28
			24	Allopurinol 300 mg, Febuxostat 80 mg*	Rare crystals within the interstitium	24
			36	Allopurinol 300 mg, Febuxostat 80 mg*	>100 crystals within the parenchyma	23
	2	No	2	Allopurinol 300 mg, Febuxostat 80 mg	Rare intratubular DHA crystal deposits	69
13	1	No	3	Allopurinol 400 mg	No crystals detected	39
15	1	No	4	Allopurinol 600 mg	-	50
			12	Allopurinol 600 mg	-	64
16	1	Yes	0.3	Allopurinol 150 mg	DHA crystals in ∼30% of tubules	Dialysis
			0.6	Allopurinol 300 mg	DHA crystals in ∼40% of tubules	Dialysis
			2	Allopurinol 600 mg	Subjectively fewer DHA crystals	33
			12	Allopurinol 300 mg, Febuxostat 80 mg	Scant DHA crystals	45
17	1	No	3	Allopurinol 300 mg	No crystals detected	99

^*Reported nonadherence to XOR inhibitor treatment.

Abbreviations: DHA, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Tx, kidney transplantation.

The shaded area denotes allografts where xanthine oxidoreductase treatment was not initiated prior to kidney transplantation.