Table 1.
General and obstetric characteristics of subject with first-onset postpartum depression (PPD), healthy postpartum controls (HPC), and healthy non-postpartum controls (HC)
| HC (n=114) | HPC (n=39) | PPD (n=21) | Difference between HPC and PPD | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | Mean | SEM | P | |
| Age (years) | 30.25 | (.61) | 33.00 | (.67) | 32.09 | (1.12) | 0.492 |
| Weight | 67.88 | (.92) | 71.55 | (1.67) | 74.66 | (2.81) | 0.322 |
| BMI | 23.12 | (.27) | 23.88 | (0.50) | 26.97 | (0.96) | 0.029 |
| Blood withdrawal, days postpartum | 30.97 | (2.84) | 61.00 | (8.50) | <0.001 | ||
| n | % | n | % | ||||
| Dutch ethnicity | 35/39 | 89.7% | 17/20 | 85.0% | 0.594 | ||
| Education beyond high school | 37/39 | 94.9% | 14/19 | 73.7% | 0.020 | ||
| Married/ cohabiting | 36/39 | 92.3% | 18/20 | 90.0% | 0.763 | ||
| Primiparity | 24/39 | 61.5% | 16/21 | 76.2% | 0.251 | ||
| Primigravidity | 22/39 | 56.4% | 13/21 | 61.9% | 0.681 | ||
| Caesarean section | 5/39 | 12.8% | 5/21 | 23.8% | 0.276 | ||
| Vacuum extraction | 4/39 | 10.3% | 3/21 | 14.3% | 0.687 | ||
| Breastfeeding | 28/39 | 71.8% | 1/21 | 4.8% | <0.001 | ||
| Medication use | 12/21 | 57.1% | |||||
HC = healthy non-postpartum controls, HPC = healthy postpartum controls, PPD = patients with postpartum depression