Table 1.

Recommended images of landmarks in upper GI endoscopy

Recommendations	Oesophagus	Stomach	Duodenum
British guideline (BSG and AUGIS [1], ESGE [16])	Proximal oesophagus, Z-line	Cardia and fundus on retroflexed view, body (taken from the upper part of the less curvature), angulus on partial retroflexion, antrum	Duodenal bulb, second part of the duodenum
Japanese guideline (Yao [26])	Not defined	Four quadrants (L, G, A and P) of the fundus on retroflexed view, three quadrants (L, A and P) of middle-upper body and angulus on retroflexed view, four quadrants (L, G, A and P) of antrum, lower body and middle-upper body on forward view	Not defined
Proposed guideline (2019)	Pharynx oesophagus, gastroesophageal junction	Cardia and fundus on retroflexed view, middle-upper body on either forward and retroflexed view, lower body on forward view, angulus on retroflexed view, antrum on forward view	Duodenal bulb, duodenal descending

L, lesser curvature; G, greater curvature; A, anterior wall; P, posterior wall