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. 2020 Jun 25;10:10348. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-67056-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Modulation of rat bone marrow derived monocytes (BMDM) fusion by the 3D matrices. (A) The proliferation curves were derived from the 2D and 3D (L, M, and H) cultured BMDM for 0, 4, 7 10 days; (n = 3), 4^th day: ***p < 0.001, 7^th day: p = 0.093, 10^th day: *p < 0.05, (B) The fused BMDM morphologies were detected by F-actin (rhodamine phalloidin, red) and nuclei (DAPI, blue) staining in 2D and 3D culture (L matrix) at day10. (C) Flourescence images with schematic diagrams to describe BMDMs fusion process. (D) The fusion rate of BMDM in the 2D and 3D (L, M, and H matrices) cultures for 10 days (n = 3), ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, and *p < 0.05. (E) The histograms of the DAPI intensity (DNA content) of the 2D and 3D (L, M, and H matrices) cultured BMDM for 10 days.