Table 1.
A summary of currently open studies that utilize oncolytic viruses that express immunomodulatory transgenes against malignant gliomas.
| Immunomodulatory transgenes | Virus types | Delivery, Combination | Genetic alteration | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-15 | ADV | Intratumoral, CTL cells | E2F-1 promoter replaced E1A promoter | 27 |
| IL-12 | HSV | Intratumoral, anti-CTLA-4/PD-1 | Deletions of γ34.5 and α47, LacZ insertion | 29 |
| IL-4 |
HSV-1 HSV-1 |
Intratumoral, single agent Intratumoral, single agent |
Deletion of γ134.5, α27-tk insertion Deletion of γ134.5, α27-tk insertion |
30,33 |
| TRAIL | ADV | Subcutaneous, single agent | H5CmTERT promoter, Rb mutation | 36 |
| Anti-PD-1 | HSV-1 | Intratumoral, single agent | Deletions of γ34.5, LacZ insertion | 57 |
|
OX40L GM-CSF PTEN |
ADV VV ADV |
Intratumoral, anti-PD-L1 Subcutaneous, rapamycin Intratumoral, single agent |
Deletion of E1A gene, RGD-4C insertion LacZ insertion Deletions of El, E3 regions, and IX gene |
59,61,64 |
| P53 | ADV | Intratumoral, single agent | E1 deletion | 66 |
|
E-cad Flt3L |
HSV HSV-1 |
Intratumoral, single agent Intratumoral, single agent |
CDH1 gene insertion Deletions of γ134.5, LacZ insertion |
69,73 |