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. 2020 Jun 19;11:1155. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01155

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Copyright © 2020 Bruins, Zweegman, Mutis and van de Donk.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Mechanism of action of immunocytokines. After the immunocytokine binds to its specific target on the cell surface, the cytokine moiety is able to signal via its native cytokine receptor. (A) Direct effects on MM cells: the modulation of intracellular signaling pathways by certain cytokines (e.g., interferon-alpha and TRAIL) induces cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis of MM cells. (B) Indirect effects on immune cells: modulation of intracellular signaling pathways by certain cytokines (e.g., interferon-alpha and interleukin-2) results in the stimulation of immune cell subsets, including T cells, NK cells, monocytes/macrophages (not depicted) and dendritic cells (not depicted), in the tumor microenvironment.