Table 6.

Mutational breeding in crops

Species	Target trait /genes	Reference
Barley	Starch increases	Sparla et al. (2014)
Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)	Starch branching enzyme	Botticella et al. (2011)
Chickpea	Salt tolerance	Kaashyap et al. (2017)
Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf)	Heat stress	Comastri et al., 2018
Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf)	Amylose content	Sestili et al. (2015)
Durum wheat(Triticum durum Desf), bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)	High amylose	Slade et al. (2012)
Oat (Avena sativa L.)	Improved β-glucan, antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acid	Chawade et al. (2010)
Peanut	Allergen reduction	Knoll et al. (2011)
Peanut	LOX gene	Guo et al. (2015)
Potato	Waxy mutant	Muth et al. (2008)
Rapeseed	Erucic acid synthesis	Wang et al. (2008)
Rapeseed	Sinapine biosynthesis	Harloff et al. (2012)
Sorghum	Reduction of cyanogenic glucosides	Blomstedt et al. (2012)
Sunflower	Accumulation of fatty acids	Kumar et al. (2013)
Tobacco	Leaf yield	Reddy et al. (2012)
Tomato	Fruit biology and ripening	Okabe et al. (2011, 2013)
Tomato	Virus resistance	Piron et al. (2010)
Tomato	Increased pigment and nutrient content	Jones et al. (2012)
Tomato	Early flowering, a solitary flower	MacAlister et al. (2012)
Tomato	Reduced ethylene sensitivity, delayed fruit ripening, prolonged fruit shelf life	Okabe et al. (2011)
Tomato	Decreased ascorbate	Baldet et al. (2013)
Tomato	Decreased carotenoid content	Gady et al. (2012)
Tomato	Increased lycopene content	Silletti et al. (2013)
Tomato	Reduced phenolics content	Di Matteo et al. (2013)