Table 3.
Some SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates in the pipeline in (or nearing) clinical trials.
| Platform | Vaccine Name | Company/Research Group/Partners | Target | Stage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DNA | INO-4800 | Inovio Pharmaceuticals; CEPI; Beijing Advaccine Biotechnology (China); International Vaccine Institute (Korea); VGXI Inc.; Ology Bioservices; Richter-Helm BioLogics | Spike | Phase I |
| DNA | bacTRL-Spike | Symvivo Corporation | Spike | Phase I (not started yet) |
| RNA | mRNA-1273 | Moderna/NIH-NIAID; CEPI; BARDA; Lonza; Operation Warp Speed | Spike | Phase I/II |
| RNA | BNT162 (a1, b1, b2, c2) | BioNTech SE/Pfizer; Fosun Pharma (China); Operation Warp Speed | 3CLpro, NSP5, Mpro, other | Phase I/II |
| RNA | “Lead” | CureVac AG/Paul Ehrlich Institute; CEPI | Undisclosed | Phase I/IIa (summer 2020) |
| Protein-based | NVX-CoV2373 | Novavax; CEPI; Emergent BioSolutions; Praha Vaccines; Serum Institute of India | Spike (prefusion) | Phase I/II |
| Protein-based | SCB-2019 | Clover Biopharmaceuticals; Clover Australia; CEPI; GSK; Dynavax; Chengdu Hi-Tech Park; Chengdu Clinical Center for Public Health | Spike trimer | Phase I (June 2020) |
| Protein-based | “Lead” | University of Queensland; CEPI; GSK; Dynavax; Cytiva (previously GE Healthcare Life Sciences); Lonza;, Thermo Fisher Scientific; CSL/Seqirus | Spike trimer | Preclinical; Phase I not started |
| Protein-based | “Lead” | Sanofi and GSK; BARDA | Spike | Preclinical; Phase I projected last half 2020 |
| Viral vector (non-replicating) | AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) |
University of Oxford (Jenner Institute)/Astra Zeneca CEPI; Vaccitech Ltd; Serum Institute of India; WuXi Biologics Inc.; Vaccines Manufacturing and Innovation Centre (Pall Life Sciences, a unit of Danaher Corp.); Cobra Biologics AB; Dutch CDMO Halix B.V.; Merck; Oxford Biomedica plc; Advent Srl; Operation Warp Speed |
Spike | Phase I/II, Phase II/III starting soon |
| Viral vector (non-replicating) | Ad5-nCoV | CanSino Biologics; Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences; PLA of China Jiangsu Province Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tongji Hospital; Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Canadian Immunization Research Network at the Canadian Center for Vaccinology | Spike | Phase II |
| Viral vector (non-replicating) | Ad26 SARS-CoV-2 | Johnson & Johnson – Janssen; BARDA; Emergent BioSolutions Inc.; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Catalent; Operation Warp Speed | Undisclosed | Preclinical; Phase I projected Sept 2020 |
| Viral vector (replicating) | “Lead” | Institut Pasteur – Themis/Merck; CEPI, University of Pittsburgh; ABL Europe | “selected, incorporated protein antigens from SARS-CoV-2” | Preclinical |
| Virus (inactivated) | CoronaVac (PiCoVacc) |
Sinovac Biotech/Sinovac R&D Co; Dynavax | Whole virus (Spike RBD main immunogen) | Phase I/II |
| Virus (inactivated) | COVID-19 vaccine | China National Pharmaceutical Group, Sinopharm; Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV) | Whole virus | Phase I/II |
| Virus/Other (attenuated) | “Lead” | University of Hong Kong; CEPI | Undisclosed SARS-CoV-2 proteins | Preclinical |
Sources include: WHO, CEPI, The Milken Institute, the COVID-19 Resource Center of Biocentury6-9