| AUTHOR |
LOCATION |
AGE, GENDER |
PRESENTATION AND DIAGNOSIS |
RADIOLOGICAL FINDINGS |
| Xiang et al. [26] |
Beijing, China |
- |
PRESENTATION: frequent maxillofacial and angular twitching with persistent hiccups at 2 weeks after disease onset. DIAGNOSIS: SARS-CoV-2 associated encephalitis |
- |
| Zhao et al. [33] |
Wuhan, China |
66 years, male |
PRESENTATION: Flaccid paralysis of bilateral lower limbs and urinary and bowel incontinence. DIAGNOSIS: Post-infectious acute myelitis related to COVID-19 infection. |
CHEST CT: Patchy high-density blurred shadow in the upper lobe of the left lung and patchy ground-glass shadow in the anterior segment of the upper lobe of the right lung. CRANIAL CT: Bilateral basal ganglia and paraventricular lacunar infarction, brain atrophy. |
| Filatov et al. [29] |
Boca Raton, USA |
74 years, male |
PRESENTATION: Fever, cough, and altered mental status. DIAGNOSIS: COVID-19-associated encephalopathy |
CHEST X-RAY: Bilateral ground-glass opacities with evidence of effusion. CHEST CT: Patchy bibasilar consolidations and subpleural opacities. |
| Moriguchi et al. [27] |
Yamanashi, Japan |
24 years, male |
PRESENTATION: Convulsions with loss of consciousness. DIAGNOSIS: aseptic encephalitis with SARS-CoV-2 RNA in cerebrospinal fluid. |
BRAIN MRI: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) showed hyperintensity along the wall of the inferior horn of the right lateral ventricle. FLAIR images showed hyperintense signal changes in the right mesial temporal lobe and hippocampus with slight hippocampal atrophy. These findings indicated right lateral ventriculitis and encephalitis mainly on the right mesial lobe and hippocampus. T2W image showed pan-paranasal sinusitis. |
| Sharifi et al. [32] |
Sari, Iran |
79 years, male |
PRESENTATION: Acute loss of consciousness. DIAGNOSIS: Intracranial bleed associated with SARS-CoV-2. |
CHEST CT: Ground-glass appearance. BRAIN CT: Intra-cerebral hemorrhage in the right cerebrum along with subarachnoid and intra-ventricular bleeding. |
| Poyiadji et al. [30] |
Michigan, USA |
50 years, female |
PRESENTATION: Cough, fever, and altered mental status. DIAGNOSIS: Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy |
HEAD CT WITHOUT CONTRAST: Symmetric hypo attenuation within the bilateral medial thalami. BRAIN MRI: Hemorrhagic rim enhancing lesions within the bilateral thalami, medial temporal lobes, and sub-insular regions. |
| Ye et al. [28] |
Wuhan, China |
male |
PRESENTATION: Altered level of consciousness which progressed to confusion. DIAGNOSIS: SARS-CoV-2 infection-related encephalitis. |
CHEST CT: Multiple ground-glass opacities |
| Zanin et al. [34] |
Brescia, Italy |
54 years, female |
PRESENTATION: Unconsciousness, seizures, anosmia, and ageusia. DIAGNOSIS: SARS-CoV-2 induced brain and spine demyelinating lesions. |
CHEST CT: Revealed interstitial pneumonia. BRAIN MRI: T2WI images showed hyperintense lesions. Similar lesions were found in the cervical and dorsal spinal cord at bulbo-medullary junction. |
