Fig. 3.

Analysis of maturation subsets, activation, exhaustion, and surrogate markers in the reservoir in CD8⁺ T cells.

(a) Median CD8⁺ T-cell values for the frequency of the maturation subsets (naïve, central memory, effector memory, transitional memory, and effector memory RA⁺) in controls and cp-LoViReT at 3 different time points: pre-cART, 18 months after initiation of cART, and 5 years after initiation of cART. Maturation stages were defined based on the combination of CD45RA, CD197 (CCR7), and CD27. (b) CD45RA⁺CD197⁺ (Naive), (c) CD45RA^–CD197⁺ (central memory), (d) CD45RA^–CD197^–CD27^– (transitional memory), (e) CD45RA^–CD197^–CD27⁺ (effector memory), and (f) CD45RA⁺CD197^– (effector memory RA⁺). (g) CD8 activation levels (HLA-DR⁺CD38⁺) in both study groups over time. (h-j) CD8⁺ T-cell exhaustion markers including PD-1 (CD279), TIM-3, and LAG-3. The cp-LoViReT group is depicted in blue and the control group in grey. Intragroup statistically significant differences are depicted with a light blue or grey line for LoViReT and controls respectively; statistically significant differences between groups are depicted with a red line.