Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of the Studied Population
| Group | Age in years Mean (±SD) | Males/Females (%) | Medicine/Biomedical Sciences (%) | MRT‐score Mean points (±SD) | Test‐Scores Mean % (±SD) | Adapted Test‐scores Mean % (±SD)a | Cognitive load scoresb after PA 1 Mean points (±SD) | Cognitive load scores after PA 2 Mean points (±SD) | IMMSc Mean points (±SD) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre‐ | Post‐ | Pre‐ | Post‐ | I | E | G | T | I | E | G | T | A | R | C | S | |||||
| Overall (n = 31) | 19.2 (±1.7) | 61.3/38.7 | 74.2/25.8 | 13.9 (±3.7) | 22.6 (±6.9) | 46.1 (±14.3) | 35.5 (±10.7) | 55.5 (±12.4) | 3.0 (±0.9) | 2.5 (±1.0) | 1.7 (±1.0) | 7.2 (±2.4) | 3.5 (±1.1) | 3.7 (±1.1) | 2.9 (±1.4) | 10.1 (±2.7) | 3.6 (±0.6) | 3.1 (±0.6) | 3.2 (±0.6) | 3.3 (±0.7) |
| GreyMapp‐AR Group (n = 15) | 19.3 (±2.3) | 60.0/40.0 | 86.7/13.3 | 14.1 (±2.7) | 21.1 (±5.8) | 37.3 (±8.4) | 32.3 (±9.8) | 50.0 (±10.2) | 3.2 (±1.0) | 2.5 (±1.0) | 1.7 (±1.1) | 7.3 (±2.6) | 3.6 (±0.9) | 3.1 (±1.0) | 2.3 (±1.2) | 11.3 (±2.7) | 3.8 (±0.5) | 3.2 (±0.6) | 3.2 (±0.7) | 3.4 (±0.7) |
| Control Group (n = 16) | 19.1 (±0.8) | 62.5/37.5 | 62.5/37.5 | 13.6 (±4.5) | 23.9 (±7.7) | 54.3 (±14.0) | 38.4 (±10.9) | 60.6 (±12.4) | 2.9 (±0.9) | 2.4 (±1.0) | 1.8 (±0.9) | 7.1 (±2.3) | 3.4 (±1.3) | 4.3 (±1.0) | 3.6 (±1.4) | 7.3 (±2.3) | 3.5 (±0.6) | 3.1 (±0.6) | 3.2 (±0.4) | 3.2 (±0.7) |
a
Test scores after removal of the cross‐sectional questions;
b
Cognitive load scores: I = intrinsic cognitive load score; E = extraneous cognitive load score; G = germane cognitive load score; T = total cognitive load score; IMMS, Instructional Measure of Motivation Survey; A = Attention; C = Confidence; R = Relevance; S = Satisfaction;
c
Analyses were carried out in a smaller sample size (n = 14) due to premature termination of the experiment by one of the participants within the GreyMapp‐group; MRT, Mental Rotation Test; PA, practical assignment.