Table 2.

Multivariable‐adjusted associations of total physical activity, higher‐intensity physical activity, and total sedentary time with heat‐induced skin hyperemia in the total skin study population and stratified according to T2D status

Heat‐induced skin hyperemia (PU)	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3a	Model 3b	Pinteraction
	B (95% CI)	B (95% CI)	B (95% CI)	B (95% CI)
Total skin study population (n = 1298)
Total physical activity (h/day)	2 (−3; 7)	1 (−4; 6)	—	—	—
Higher‐intensity physical activity (h/day)	6 (−5; 17)	3 (−9; 14)	4 (−8; 16)	—	—
Total sedentary time (h/day)	0 (−2; 2)	1 (−1; 3)	—	1 (−1; 3)	—
Without T2D (n = 915)
Total physical activity (h/day)	−2 (−8; 4)	−3 (−9; 3)	—	—	—
Higher‐intensity physical activity (h/day)	−3 (−16; 10)	−6 (−20; 7)	−3 (−17; 11)	—	—
Total sedentary time (h/day)	2 (−1; 4)	2 (−1; 5)	—	2 (−1; 5)	—
With T2D (n = 383)
Total physical activity (h/day)	11 (4; 19)	10 (1; 18)	—	—	0.018
Higher‐intensity physical activity (h/day)	40 (20; 61)	38 (16; 60)	36 (14; 58)	—	0.001
Total sedentary time (h/day)	−3 (−6; −0)	−2 (−6; 1)	—	−1 (−5; 2)	0.068

Regression results are presented as unstandardized coefficients (B) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Boldface indicates statistical significance (P < .05).

P _interaction (with T2D) was based on model 2.

Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, glucose metabolism status (for “total skin study population” only), waking time, and baseline skin blood flow. For analyses in individuals without T2D, model 1 is also adjusted for prediabetes status.

Model 2: additionally adjusted for educational level, body mass index, mobility limitation, office systolic blood pressure, total‐to‐HDL cholesterol ratio, triglycerides, antihypertensive and lipid‐modifying medication, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and a history of CVD.

Model 3a: additionally adjusted for sedentary time.

Model 3b: additionally adjusted for higher‐intensity physical activity.