FIGURE 5.

BOLD fMRI responses to 20‐second forepaw stimulation under spontaneous breathing (SB) or mechanical ventilation (MV) in ketamine/xylazine‐anesthetized mice. (A) Activation maps of two representative mice overlaid on the original EPI images. Localized activation was observed at the contralateral forelimb area. (B) Averaged time courses from the contralateral primary somatosensory (S1FL) cortical ROI (red sphere ROI in inset figure). The mechanical ventilation condition induced a larger and faster response. (C) Average amplitude obtained from the 7‐11 sec and 21‐25 second periods. (D) The number of active voxels in the contralateral S1 regions at four different thresholds; P < .05, P < .01, P < .005 and P < .001. Error bars: SEM; ** P < .01; *** P < .001