Table 5.

Summary of methods used to identify SDoH issues

Study title	Citation	Methods used to conduct SDoH screening
Patient perceptions of a community‐based care coordination system	Gimpel et al. (2010)	Modified risk assessment tool (survey). The survey was designed to identify social concern and need. Also provided a description of SES indicators in participant descriptions i.e. education, employment and income. No indication if survey was self‐administered or assisted
Independent effects of socioeconomic and psychological social determinants of health on self‐care and outcomes in T2DM	Walker et al. (2014a)	Numerous individual and validated assessment tools: Survey assessing household income, years of education and employment status Social Support Survey Subjective Social Status –pictorial ladder to indicate perceived social status. Perceived Stress Scale Short version of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults Also provided a description of SES status indicators in participant descriptions i.e. education, employment and income. No indication if assessment tools were self‐administered or assisted
Relationship between SDoH and processes and outcomes in adults with T2DM: validation of a conceptual framework	Walker et al. (2014b)	Numerous individual assessment tools: Interview survey assessing household income, years of education and employment status Social Support Survey Subjective Social Status –pictorial ladder to indicate perceived social status. Perceived Stress Scale Short version of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults Also provided a description of SES status indicators in participant descriptions i.e. education, employment and income No indication if assessment tools were self‐administered or assisted
Quantifying Direct Effects of SDoH on Glycemic Control in Adults with T2DM	Walker et al. (2015a)	Numerous individual assessment tools: Interview survey assessing household income, years of education and employment status Social Support Survey Subjective Social Status –pictorial ladder to indicate perceived social status. Perceived Stress Scale Short version of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults Also provided a description of SES status indicators in participant descriptions i.e. education, employment and income No indication if assessment tools were self‐administered or assisted
Understanding the influence of psychological and socioeconomic factors on DM self‐care using structured equation modelling	Walker et al. (2015b)	Numerous individual assessment tools: Interview survey assessing household income, years of education and employment status Social Support Survey Subjective Social Status –pictorial ladder to indicate perceived social status. Perceived Stress Scale Short version of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults Also provided a description of SES status indicators in participant descriptions i.e. education, employment and income No indication if assessment tools were self‐administered or assisted
SDoH in adults with T2DM‐Contribution of mutable and immutable factors	Walker et al. (2015)	Numerous individual assessment tools: Interview survey assessing household income, years of education and employment status Social support survey Subjective social status–pictorial ladder to indicate perceived social status. Perceived Stress Scale Short version of the test of functional health literacy in adults Also provided a description of SES status indicators in participant descriptions i.e. education, employment and income No indication if assessment tools were self‐administered or assisted
Dunedin's free clinic: an exploration of its model of care using case study methodology	Loh et al. (2015)	Retrospective data collection via journal entries, patient encounters, medical certificates, patient medical records and databases. Also provided a description of SES indicators in participant descriptions i.e. unemployment, sickness benefits, and accommodation
Socioeconomic Barriers to DM Self‐care: Development of a Factor Analytic Scale	Rose (2005)	Phone surveys based on items that indicate SES barriers to T2DM self‐care i.e. cost/finances, transport, food security, safety and health literacy
Social Support and Lifestyle versus. Medical DM Self‐Management in the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE)	Rosland et al. (2014)	Self‐administered/report questionnaire. Included comprehensive SDoH assessment i.e. access to medical/healthcare, income, education, employment, social support, social gradient, stress, financial constraints, transport, health literacy, food security, housing, social exclusion, early life. Also included many other T2DM management‐related components. 185 questions in total