Table 1. Patient and Procedural Characteristics According to Preoperative CONSORT Opioid Availabilitya.
| Characteristic | Preoperative opioid availability | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (n = 778) | Short-term (n = 1118) | Episodic (n = 227) | Long-term (n = 100) | ||
| Age, median (IQR), y | 56 (43-70) | 53 (43-66) | 55 (43-68) | 55 (41-67) | .10 |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 474 (60.9) | 601 (53.8) | 92 (40.5) | 47 (47.0) | <.001 |
| Female | 304 (39.1) | 517 (46.2) | 135 (59.5) | 53 (53.0) | |
| White | 710 (91.3) | 1047 (93.6) | 213 (93.8) | 89 (89.0) | .10 |
| ASA physical status score (n = 2150) | .04 | ||||
| 1-2 | 521 (69.6) | 774 (71.5) | 142 (64.3) | 59 (60.8) | |
| 3-4 | 228 (30.4) | 309 (28.5) | 79 (35.7) | 38 (39.2) | |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, median (IQR) | 1 (0-3) | 1 (0-3) | 1 (0-4) | 2 (1-5) | <.001 |
| Psychological diagnosis | |||||
| Depression | 245 (31.5) | 426 (38.1) | 122 (53.7) | 53 (53.0) | <.001 |
| Anxiety | 149 (19.2) | 232 (20.8) | 70 (30.8) | 46 (46.0) | <.001 |
| Substance use diagnosis | |||||
| Tobacco | 199 (25.6) | 365 (32.6) | 107 (47.1) | 58 (58.0) | <.001 |
| Alcoholism | 70 (9.0) | 110 (9.8) | 26 (11.5) | 17 (17.0) | .08 |
| Illicit drugs | 32 (4.1) | 63 (5.6) | 20 (8.8) | 29 (29.0) | <.001 |
| Procedural characteristics | |||||
| Anesthesia duration, median (IQR), min | 242 (187-338) | 217 (176-280) | 225 (186-322) | 253 (190-358) | <.001 |
| Surgery duration, median (IQR), min | 157 (111-231) | 138 (105-190) | 148 (111-227) | 165 (116-257) | <.001 |
| Instrumentation | 274 (35.2) | 254 (22.7) | 57 (25.1) | 34 (34.0) | <.001 |
| Hospital length of stay, median (IQR), d | 2 (1-3) | 1 (1-3) | 2 (1-3) | 3 (1-5) | <.001 |
| Discharge location | |||||
| Home | 678 (87.1) | 978 (87.5) | 201 (88.5) | 77 (77.0) | .003 |
| Not home | 91 (11.7) | 106 (9.5) | 22 (9.7) | 20 (20.0) | |
| Not documented | 9 (1.2) | 34 (3.0) | 4 (1.8) | 3 (3.0) | |
| Total discharge prescription MME, median (IQR) (n = 1934)b | 525 (375-750) | 500 (375-750) | 600 (375-900) | 750 (525-1250) | <.001 |
| Total supply of discharge prescriptions, median (IQR), d (n = 1934)b | 7 (5-9) | 5 (5- 9) | 7 (5-10) | 9 (5-13) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; CONSORT, Consortium to Study Opioid Risks and Trends; IQR, interquartile range; MME, oral morphine milligram equivalents.
a
Data are presented as number (percentage) of patients unless otherwise indicated. Categorical variables were compared using χ2 tests. Continuous variables were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum tests.
b
Data were only available for patients discharged home.