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. 2020 Apr 14;16(5):734–749. doi: 10.1002/alz.12064

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Neurovascular unit and blood‐brain barrier dysfunction in CVN‐AD after surgery. A‐B, Age and surgery significantly impaired the expression of the water channel marker AQP‐4 and increased expression of the astrocytic marker GFAP (C) in the dentate gyrus area of the hippocampus. The expression of the endothelial marker, CD31, remained constant across groups. D‐E, However, 12‐month‐old CVN‐AD mice showed increased levels of perivascular. Inset further show extravasated fibrinogen in CVN‐AD mice 24 hours after surgery. F, Dextran tracing also releveled leakiness of the blood vessels after surgery, resulting in a reduction in intravascular fluorescent dextran at 24 hours after surgery, although quantification of extravascular dextran did not reach significance. Results are shown as mean ± standard error of the mean, n = 5‐6/group. *** P < .001, ** P < .01, * P < .05, as measured by two‐tailed unpaired Student t tests. Scale bar = 50 µm