Figure 4.

(a) Mitochondria-targeted RT-RDT by Hf-DBB-Ru.³⁶ (b) Confocal images showing colocalization of Hf-DBB-Ru and mitochondria (scale bar = 50 μm). (c) Topographic profiles showing fluorescence intensities of straight white lines marked in panel (b). (d) Hf-DBB-Ru-mediated RT-RDT upon X-ray irradiation to generate both ^•OH via radiolysis and ¹O₂ via energy transfer to photosensitizing linkers. (e) DNA double strand breaks and ¹O₂ generation in vitro by Hf-DBB-Ru-mediated RT-RD, as probed by γ-H2AX and SOSG, respectively (scale bar = 10 μm).