Table 3.
Univariable and multivariable meta‐regression models for hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody prevalence in people who inject drugs (PWID) across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).
| Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysisa | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of studies | OR (95% CI) | P‐value | LR test P‐value | Variance explained adj R 2 (%) | aOR (95% CI) | P‐value | ||
| Country | Afghanistan | 17 | 1 | – | 1 | – | ||
| Iran | 60 | 2.4 (1.3–4.2) | 0.004 | 2.5 (0.8–7.8) | 0.109 | |||
| Pakistan | 19 | 2.8 (1.4–5.8) | 0.005 | 5.0 (1.4–18.0) | 0.014 | |||
| Palestine | 4 | 1.5 (0.4–4.8) | 0.525 | 1.5 (0.4–5.2) | 0.531 | |||
| Saudi Arabia | 5 | 2.6 (0.9–7.7) | 0.084 | 3.5 (0.8–15.8) | 0.109 | |||
| Othersa | 13 | 1.7 (0.8–3.8) | 0.173 | 0.054 | 5.1 | 2.0 (0.7–5.2) | 0.170 | |
| Study site | Community | 14 | 1 | – | 1 | – | ||
| Clinical setting | 24 | 0.8 (0.4–1.7) | 0.580 | 1.2 (0.5–2.7) | 0.713 | |||
| Drop‐in or rehabilitation center | 26 | 0.9 (0.4–1.8) | 0.787 | 1.4 (0.6–3.4) | 0.438 | |||
| VCT | 7 | 0.4 (0.2–1.1) | 0.086 | 1.8 (0.4–8.3) | 0.478 | |||
| Prison | 19 | 1.7 (0.8–3.5) | 0.173 | 2.6 (1.0–6.7) | 0.041 | |||
| Not specified | 25 | 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | 0.223 | 0.034 | 6.3 | 1.9 (0.6–5.7) | 0.269 | |
| Year of data collection | 118 | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.188 | 0.188 | 0.6 | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.643 | |
| Year of publication | 118 | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.434 | 0.434 | 0.0 | – | – | |
| Sample size | < 100 | 34 | 1 | – | – | – | ||
| ≥ 100 | 84 | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 0.702 | 0.702 | 0.0 | – | – | |
| Sampling method | Non‐probability‐based | 91 | 1 | – | – | – | ||
| Probability‐based | 27 | 0.9 (0.5–1.4) | 0.525 | 0.525 | 0.0 | – | – | |
Adj=adjusted; CI = confidence interval; LR = likelihood ratio; OR = odds ratio; aOR = adjusted odds ratio; VCT = voluntary counselling and testing.
The adjusted R‐squared for the full model was 7.7%.
a
Countries with three or fewer studies (Egypt, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Syria and Tunisia) were combined into the ‘Others’ category.