Fig. 3.

GSI promotes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest induced by DOX in PC-3 PCSCs. a The apoptosis rate of PC-3 PCSCs treated with vehicle, DOX, GSI, or the combination of DOX and GSI was detected using flow cytometry. Flow charts: lower right quadrant, annexin V-positive and PI-negative cells indicate early apoptotic cells; upper right quadrant, annexin V- and PI-positive cells represent necrotic or late apoptotic cells. Both early and late apoptotic cells were calculated as the incidence of apoptotic cell death. b The statistical data of the apoptosis rates under different conditions for 72 h. c Cell cycle distribution of PC-3 PCSCs treated with the combination of DOX and GSI or each one alone was detected by flow cytometry. d The statistical data of cell cycle distribution under different conditions for 72 h. **p < 0.01, NS no significant difference