Table 1.
Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study population, by hospitalization status and overall
| Variables | Number of participants (%) | Hospitalisation (%) | Non-hospitalisation (%) | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total participants | 672 (100) | 388 (57.7) | 284 (42.3) | |
| Age (years) | 0.030 | |||
| < 60 | 514 (76.5) | 285 (55.4) | 229 (44.6) | |
| ≥ 60 | 158 (23.5) | 103 (65.2) | 55 (34.8) | |
| Gender | 0.376 | |||
| Male | 432 (64.3) | 244 (56.5) | 188 (43.5) | |
| Female | 240 (35.7) | 144 (60.0) | 96 (40.0) | |
| Education | 0.927 | |||
| None | 70 (10.4) | 41 (58.6) | 29 (41.4) | |
| Primary or Junior school | 368 (54.8) | 210 (57.1) | 158 (42.9) | |
| Senior school or above | 234 (34.8) | 137 (58.5) | 97 (41.5) | |
| Floating population | 0.004 | |||
| No | 437 (65.0) | 270 (61.8) | 167 (38.2) | |
| Yes | 235 (35.0) | 118 (50.2) | 117 (49.8) | |
| Minimum living security household | 0.355 | |||
| No | 640 (95.2) | 367 (57.3) | 273 (42.7) | |
| Yes | 32 (4.8) | 21 (65.6) | 11 (34.4) | |
| Residence | 0.486 | |||
| Rural | 316 (47.0) | 178 (56.3) | 138 (43.7) | |
| Urban | 356 (53.0) | 210 (59.0) | 146 (41.0) | |
| Employment status before illness | 0.002 | |||
| Employed | 422 (62.8) | 224 (53.1) | 198 (46.9) | |
| Unemployed | 250 (37.2) | 164 (65.6) | 86 (34.4) | |
| Employment status after illness | < 0.001 | |||
| Employed | 386 (57.4) | 250 (64.8) | 136 (35.2) | |
| Unemployed | 286 (42.6) | 138 (48.3) | 148 (51.7) | |
| Local basic medical insurance | 0.024 | |||
| No | 212 (31.5) | 109 (51.4) | 103 (48.6) | |
| Yes | 460 (68.5) | 279 (60.7) | 181 (39.3) | |
| Household economic status | 0.011 | |||
| Q1 | 135 (20.1) | 74 (54.8) | 61 (45.2) | |
| Q2 | 163 (24.3) | 100 (61.3) | 63 (38.7) | |
| Q3 | 157 (23.4) | 82 (52.2) | 75 (47.8) | |
| Q4 | 95 (14.1) | 47 (49.5) | 48 (50.5) | |
| Q5 | 122 (18.2) | 85 (69.7) | 37 (30.3) | |
| Patient delay | 0.263 | |||
| No | 312 (46.4) | 173 (55.4) | 139 (44.6) | |
| Yes | 360 (53.6) | 215 (59.7) | 145 (40.3) | |
| Diagnosis delay | 0.196 | |||
| No | 583 (86.8) | 331 (56.8) | 252 (43.2) | |
| Yes | 89 (13.2) | 57 (64.0) | 32 (36.0) | |
| Type of case | 0.002 | |||
| New or never treated | 601 (89.4) | 335 (55.7) | 266 (44.3) | |
| Relapse or previously treated | 71 (10.6) | 53 (74.6) | 18 (25.4) | |
| Comorbidities | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 584 (86.9) | 315 (53.9) | 269 (46.1) | |
| Yes | 88 (13.1) | 73 (83.0) | 15 (17.0) | |
| Seeking medical care outside the city | 0.001 | |||
| No | 587 (87.4) | 325 (55.4) | 262 (44.6) | |
| Yes | 85 (12.6) | 63 (74.1) | 22 (25.9) | |
| Severe adverse drug reactions | 0.018 | |||
| No | 481 (71.6) | 264 (54.9) | 217 (45.1) | |
| Yes | 191 (28.4) | 124 (64.9) | 67 (35.1) | |
| Drug sensitivity test | 0.002 | |||
| RS | 586 (87.2) | 324 (55.3) | 262 (44.7) | |
| RMR | 30 (4.5) | 20 (66.7) | 10 (33.3) | |
| MDR | 56 (8.3) | 44 (78.6) | 12 (21.4) |
Note: Floating population refers to a group of migrants without Hukou registered in the place where they live or work
Minimum living security household is defined as a household’s anuual income per capita lower than US$ 1429. The designation of minimum living security household status needs to be certified by the local civil affairs bureau
Local basic medical insurance refers to the basic medical insurance registered in Ningbo city
Household economic status is ranked based on a household’s annual income per capita, with quartile 1 (Q1) being the richest and quartile 5 (Q5) being the poorest
Patient delay is determined as a time interval from the first onset of tuberculosis symptoms to the first visit to any health provider lasts for > 14 days
Diagnostic delay is defined as a time interval between a patient’s first visit to any health provider and the final diagnosis as TB lasts for > 14 days
Comorbidities refers to the simultaneous occurrence of malignancy, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, etc.
RS rifampicin-susceptible; RMR rifampicin-monoresistant; MDR multidrug-resistant
*the Chi-square tests were applied to assess differences between categories of variables