Table 3.
Association between explanatory variables and IPV
| Variables | Emotional IPV | Sexual IPV | Physical IPV | Any IPV | Total | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | ||
| Age group | |||||||||
| 15–24 | 34.8 | 679 | 20.5 | 400 | 33.6 | 655 | 49.3 | 962 | 1951 |
| 25–34 | 40.6 | 1034 | 23.2 | 591 | 38.4 | 976 | 54.3 | 1383 | 2544 |
| 35+ | 46.6 | 1111 | 24.5 | 584 | 47.4 | 1131 | 62.7 | 1495 | 2384 |
| Residence | |||||||||
| Urban | 36.9 | 598 | 18.4 | 298 | 33.3 | 539 | 46.8 | 758 | 1620 |
| Rural | 42.3 | 2226 | 24.3 | 1278 | 42.3 | 2223 | 58.6 | 3081 | 5259 |
| Education | |||||||||
| No education | 47.3 | 422 | 21.3 | 190 | 47.6 | 424 | 61.5 | 548 | 891 |
| Primary | 44.3 | 1827 | 25.9 | 1066 | 44.5 | 1834 | 60.6 | 2500 | 4125 |
| Secondary+ | 30.9 | 575 | 17.1 | 319 | 27.0 | 504 | 42.5 | 792 | 1864 |
| Partner’s education | |||||||||
| No education | 42.3 | 213 | 18.9 | 95 | 40.5 | 204 | 56.6 | 285 | 504 |
| Primary | 42.3 | 1264 | 24.4 | 730 | 43.5 | 1300 | 59.7 | 1784 | 2990 |
| Secondary+ | 31.1 | 669 | 17.2 | 369 | 27.8 | 597 | 43.4 | 932 | 2149 |
| Region | |||||||||
| Central | 32.3 | 624 | 18.4 | 354 | 31.2 | 602 | 44.9 | 866 | 1928 |
| Eastern | 39.6 | 726 | 28.9 | 530 | 41.4 | 758 | 58.1 | 1065 | 1833 |
| Northern | 44.5 | 616 | 17.8 | 247 | 49.2 | 681 | 61.3 | 848 | 1384 |
| Western | 49.6 | 859 | 25.7 | 445 | 41.5 | 720 | 61.1 | 1060 | 1734 |
| Wealth status | |||||||||
| Poorest | 47.6 | 634 | 23.1 | 308 | 52.3 | 698 | 65.9 | 879 | 1334 |
| poorer | 42.5 | 595 | 26.0 | 365 | 44.9 | 629 | 59.8 | 837 | 1400 |
| Middle | 44.4 | 599 | 25.4 | 342 | 41.3 | 557 | 59.3 | 801 | 1349 |
| Richer | 40.7 | 528 | 25.0 | 324 | 37.2 | 482 | 55.5 | 719 | 1296 |
| Richest | 31.2 | 469 | 15.8 | 236 | 26.4 | 396 | 40.3 | 604 | 1500 |
| Age difference between woman and partner | |||||||||
| Wife older | 40.1 | 128 | 21.5 | 68 | 38.4 | 122 | 56.8 | 180 | 318 |
| 0–5 age gap | 37.7 | 1054 | 21.9 | 611 | 38.0 | 1062 | 53.3 | 1490 | 2793 |
| 6+ age gap | 38.1 | 964 | 20.4 | 515 | 36.2 | 917 | 52.6 | 1331 | 2531 |
| Economic empowerment status | |||||||||
| Not empowered | 34.8 | 339 | 23.7 | 232 | 35.5 | 346 | 52.3 | 510 | 979 |
| Empowered | 42.1 | 2485 | 22.8 | 1344 | 40.9 | 2416 | 56.4 | 3329 | 5903 |
| Partner controlling behaviors | |||||||||
| No | 16.4 | 322 | 7.6 | 149 | 19.6 | 384 | 28.9 | 567 | 1965 |
| Yes | 50.9 | 2502 | 29.0 | 1426 | 48.4 | 2377 | 66.6 | 3272 | 4914 |
| Partner drinks alcohol | |||||||||
| No | 31.7 | 1239 | 18.5 | 724 | 29.3 | 1146 | 45.3 | 1770 | 3906 |
| Yes | 53.3 | 1585 | 28.6 | 851 | 54.3 | 1616 | 69.6 | 2070 | 2973 |
| Frequency of partner being drunk | |||||||||
| Never gets drunk | 31.6 | 1337 | 18.4 | 777 | 29.3 | 1240 | 45.1 | 1906 | 4231 |
| Often | 70.4 | 760 | 37.7 | 406 | 74.5 | 804 | 83.8 | 905 | 1079 |
| Sometimes | 46.4 | 727 | 25.0 | 392 | 45.7 | 718 | 65.6 | 1028 | 1569 |
| Witnessing parental violence | |||||||||
| No | 35.1 | 1547 | 18.4 | 811 | 33.9 | 1494 | 48.9 | 2153 | 4403 |
| Yes | 51.6 | 1277 | 30.9 | 764 | 51.2 | 1267 | 68.1 | 1686 | 2476 |
| Duration of relationship in years | |||||||||
| 0–4 | 732 | 1750 | |||||||
| 5–9 | 42.1 | 607 | 24.8 | 358 | 40.5 | 585 | 55.9 | 807 | 1444 |
| 10–14 | 45.5 | 475 | 25.1 | 263 | 43.1 | 450 | 60.2 | 629 | 1044 |
| 15–19 | 43.9 | 431 | 24.7 | 243 | 42.6 | 419 | 58.7 | 578 | 984 |
| 20+ | 49.1 | 814 | 25.1 | 416 | 51.4 | 852 | 66.0 | 1094 | 1657 |
| Number of co-wives | |||||||||
| None | 36.1 | 1511 | 20.3 | 851 | 35.1 | 1471 | 51.1 | 2137 | 4187 |
| One or more co-wives | 43.5 | 643 | 23.4 | 344 | 43.3 | 630 | 59.4 | 864 | 1456 |
| Age at first marriage | |||||||||
| Below 18 years | 45.2 | 1490 | 23.3 | 770 | 45.8 | 1512 | 60.3 | 1991 | 3299 |
| 18+ years | 37.3 | 1334 | 22.5 | 805 | 34.9 | 1250 | 51.7 | 1849 | 3580 |
| Parity | |||||||||
| None | 23.6 | 92 | 15.4 | 60 | 18.0 | 70 | 34.9 | 135 | 388 |
| 1–4 | 38.7 | 1471 | 21.1 | 802 | 37.0 | 1405 | 52.3 | 1987 | 3796 |
| 5+ | 46.8 | 1262 | 26.5 | 714 | 47.8 | 1287 | 63.7 | 1718 | 2695 |
| Total | 41.1 | 2824 | 22.9 | 1575 | 40.2 | 2762 | 55.8 | 3839 | 6879 |