Fig. 4.

Nanoparticle vaccine formulations for LN delivery. (A) Molecular model and TEM images of eOD-60mer nanoparticles used as a priming immunogen to elicit CD4 binding site-directed antibody responses against HIV (Adapted from [110]). (B) DLS measurements of two classes of peptide-TLR7/8 conjugate vaccines. Left represents a self-assembling nanoparticle micelle and right represents a microparticle/aggregate format. (Adapted from [106]). (C) TEM images of HIV envelope trimers attached to liposomes via metal affinity coordination bonds, scale bar: 100 nm. (Adapted from [109]). (D) TEM images of PLGA-based asymmetric PRINT Dengue Virus vaccine nanoparticles. (Adapted from [118]). (E) Schematic of endosomolytic polymersomes assembled from disulfide-linked diblock copolymers encapsulating the STING agonist cGAMP (left) and TEM of polymersomes (right). (Adapted from [331]). (F) TEM of saponin-based immune stimulating complexes (ISCOMs) [332].