Table 1. Participant characteristics (mean ± standard deviation) for each testing point for the total group and by sex.
| T1 (2011) | T2 (2012) | T3 (2013) | t | F | df | p | partial η2 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 186) | ||||||||
| Stature (cm) | 160.57 ± 8.68 | 162.53 ± 9.16 | 164.19 ± 9.67 | 219.757 | 108.55 | 1.188 | <0.001 | 0.41 |
| Body mass (kg) | 53.82 ± 12.53 | 57.26 ± 12.79 | 59.80 ± 13.41 | 260.641 | 165.48 | 1.416 | <0.001 | 0.53 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.79 ± 4.02 | 21.59 ± 4.03 | 22.11 ± 4.23 | 280.012 | 77.712 | 1.514 | <0.001 | 0.35 |
| WC (cm) | 67.89 ± 8.18 | 69.04 ± 8.42 | 70.11 ± 8.74 | 357.122 | 27.409 | 1.930 | <0.001 | 0.21 |
| WHtR | .42 ±.04 | .42 ±.04 | .42 ±.05 | 369.067 | 1.706 | 1.995 | 0.183 | 0.01 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 103.45 ± 10.51 | 107.80 ± 12.42 | 109.26 ± 9.73 | 298.615 | 16.858 | 1.999 | <0.001 | 0.10 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 66.70 ± 8.35 | 67.70 ± 8.88 | 71.66 ± 8.11 | 300.000 | 20.152 | 2.000 | <0.001 | 0.20 |
| Boys (n = 81) | ||||||||
| Stature (cm) | 164.80 ± 9.07 | 168.55 ± 8.34 | 171.25 ± 8.17 | 95.172 | 113.969 | 1.197 | <0.001 | 0.58 |
| Body mass (kg) | 54.46 ± 12.03 | 59.30 ± 13.38 | 62.56 ± 14.03 | 104.889 | 128.237 | 1.311 | <0.001 | 0.61 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 19.86 ± 2.99 | 20.69 ± 3.34 | 21.17 ± 3.52 | 114.240 | 42.071 | 1.428 | <0.001 | 0.34 |
| WC (cm) | 67.63 ± 6.87 | 69.81 ± 7.74 | 71.09 ± 8.34 | 119.585 | 42.279 | 1.495 | <0.001 | 0.35 |
| WHtR | .41 ±.03 | .41 ±.03 | .41 ±.04 | 123.771 | 1.547 | 2.051 | 0.144 | 0.02 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 106.55 ± 11.68 | 111.68 ± 12.52 | 112.15 ± 7.93 | 140.00 | 2.000 | 7.813 | 0.001 | 0.10 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 68.30 ± 9.24 | 70.23 ± 9.73 | 73.04 ± 8.02 | 115.423 | 1.749 | 2413.296 | <0.001 | 0.93 |
| Girls (n = 105) | ||||||||
| Stature (cm) | 158.25 ± 7.09 | 158.87 ± 7.22 | 159.87 ± 7.36 | 164.900 | 1.586 | 38.567 | <0.001 | 0.27 |
| Body mass (kg) | 54.56 ± 14.27 | 56.98 ± 13.56 | 58.84 ± 13.81 | 162.812 | 59.070 | 1.565 | <0.001 | 0.36 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.68 ± 4.99 | 22.49 ± 4.80 | 22.95 ± 4.88 | 159.003 | 38.933 | 1.529 | <0.001 | 0.27 |
| WC (cm) | 68.13 ± 9.31 | 68.30 ± 9.01 | 69.18 ± 9.06 | 202.675 | 1.949 | 3.375 | 0.04 | 0.03 |
| WHtR | .43 ±.05 | .43 ±.05 | .43 ±.05 | 204.677 | 1.968 | 0.498 | 0.606 | 0.005 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 100.70 ± 8.52 | 104.36 ± 11.33 | 106.70 ± 10.49 | 149.064 | 1.887 | 9.459 | <0.001 | 0.11 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 65.29 ± 7.23 | 65.46 ± 7.42 | 70.44 ± 8.04 | 151.228 | 1.914 | 3,653.287 | <0.001 | 0.98 |
Notes.
- T1
- test one
- T2
- test two
- T3
- test three
- t
- t-test within-subject factor
- F
- time effect
- df
- degree of freedom
- BMI
- Body mass index
- DBP
- diastolic blood pressure
- SBP
- systolic blood pressure
- SD
- standard deviation
- WC
- waist circumference
- WHtR
- weight-to-height ratio