Table 1. Demographics and participant characteristics for both the persistent neck pain patients and pain-free controls.
| Persistent neck pain (n = 30) | Pain-free controls (n = 30) | Mean diff. (95% CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Range | Mean | SD | Range | ||
| Age (in years) | 50.90 | 15.87 | 18–72 | 49.90 | 14.55 | 23–73 | −1.00 [−0.34 to −1.66] |
| PANAS–positive affect PANAS–negative affect |
31.60 12.50 |
8.06 3.18 |
19–48 10–21 |
30.73 12.53 |
7.68 3.57 |
14–47 10–23 |
−0.87 [1.94 to −3.67] 0.03 [1.26 to −1.20] |
| STAI-T–total | 38.87 | 10.65 | 21–58 | 36.60 | 10.89 | 20–63 | −2.27 [1.68 to −6.22] |
| PCS–total PCS–rumination PCS–magnification* PCS–helplessness** |
13.93 4.3 3.07 6.57 |
10.04 3.54 3.04 4.15 |
2–36 0–14 0–10 1–15 |
7.97 3.17 1.63 3.17 |
7.03 3.13 1.92 2.74 |
0–32 0–12 0–8 0–12 |
−5.97 [−2.81 to −9.12] −1.13 [0.12 to −2.39] −1.43 [−0.48 to −2.38] −3.40 [−2.16 to −4.64] |
| PHQ-9*–total | 7.47 | 5.64 | 0–18 | 3.9 | 4.49 | 0–20 | −5.97 [−2.81 to −9.12] |
| TSK-11–total** TSK-11–somatic focus TSK-11–avoidance |
24.10 10.77 13.33 |
5.49 3.03 3.25 |
12–36 5–17 7–23 |
18.97 8.63 10.33 |
5.18 2.86 2.60 |
11–28 5–14 6–15 |
−5.13 [−3.24 to −7.03] −2.13 [−1.04 to −3.23] −3.00 [−1.98 to −4.02] |
| NDI–total | 30.0% | 12.4 | 12–54% | – | – | – | |
| Current pain (0–10) | 4.07 | 2.21 | 0–8 | 0.1 | 0.31 | 0–1 | −3.97 [−3.38 to −4.55] |
| Av. pain last 2 weeks (0–10) | 4.47 | 1.18 | 0–7 | 0.13 | 0.43 | 0–2 | −4.33 [−3.84 to −4.83] |
| Worst pain 2 weeks (0–10) | 6.8 | 2.53 | 0–10 | 0.57 | 1.14 | 0–7 | −6.27 [−5.52 to −7.01] |
Notes:
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.01.
PANAS, positive and negative affect schedule; STAI-T, trait version of the state-trait anxiety inventory; PCS, pain pain-catastrophizing scale; PHQ-9, patient health questionnaire; TSK-11, tampa scale for kinesiophobia; NDI, neck disability index; Range, the minimum and maximum value for the given variable.