Explanatory variables |
Noncrop vegetation (Non‐cropP) |
Sum of percent cover of eucalyptus, other woody vegetation (including trees planted in the nursery garden), and nonwoody vegetation |
10.40 |
6.00 |
3.50 |
22.30 |
Water body |
Total area (ha) of open water including stream, pond, and water reservoir for farming |
0.42 |
0.69 |
0.00 |
2.89 |
Mean patch size (MPS, ha) |
Mean field size |
0.08 |
0.02 |
0.05 |
0.13 |
Crop Shannon's diversity (CropH) |
Shannon–Wiener diversity index calculated based on the 16 genera of 23 different crops cultivated across our study area (Table S1 for the list of crops) |
0.79 |
0.35 |
0.142 |
1.43 |
Noncrop habitat diversity (Non‐cropH) |
Shannon–Wiener diversity index calculated using the proportional cover of five noncrop habitat types: eucalyptus, other woody vegetation (such as small forest patch dominated by Chinese aspen, alder, or willow), nonwoody vegetation, water body, and old fallow |
1.10 |
0.24 |
0.50 |
1.53 |
Response variables |
Total species richness |
Total number of species detected at least once during four visits |
33.50 |
5.33 |
17.00 |
43.00 |
Abundance of total species |
Mean number of all birds per visit |
187.60 |
32.21 |
126.00 |
235.00 |
Woodland species richness |
Total number of woodland species detected at least once during four visits |
5.40 |
3.03 |
0.00 |
13.00 |
Abundance of woodland species |
Mean number of birds of woodland species per visit |
17.25 |
12.04 |
0.00 |
43.50 |
Agricultural land species richness |
Total number of agricultural land species detected at least once during four visits |
12.05 |
1.61 |
9.00 |
15.00 |
Abundance of agricultural land species |
Mean number of birds of agricultural land species per visit |
138.49 |
25.91 |
97.75 |
188.00 |
Agricultural wetland species richness |
Total number of agricultural wetland species detected at least once during four visits |
5.65 |
2.58 |
0.00 |
10.00 |
Abundance of agricultural wetland species |
Mean number of birds of agricultural wetland species per visit |
3.98 |
3.74 |
0.00 |
17.00 |