1. Hotspots and non-hotspots are defined using a statistical approach that separates space between high and low crime areas.

2. Hotspots and non-hotspots are defined using an arbitrary threshold that separates space between high and low crime areas.

3. Crime and non-crime are defined using a statistical approach that separates space between areas where crime is likely to occur and areas crime is not likely to occur.

4. Crime and non-crime are defined using a statistical approach that separates space between areas where there is at least one estimated crime and areas where there is no estimated crime.