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. 2020 Jun 22;15:4441–4452. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S246797

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© 2020 Poier et al.

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Cell number of HUVEC. Cell number was measured at seeding, before treatment (BT), right after treatment (AT), 24 hrs after treatment (24 hrs AT), and 48 hrs after treatment (48 hrs AT) with 1, 5, 10, and 15 µg/mL ZnO NPs. ECGM served as negative control (control). There were no differences until 24 h AT. Forty-eight hours AT an inverse dose-dependent proliferation rate could be observed. The higher the ZnO NP concentration, the better HUVEC could proliferate. We interpret this as a sign that cells reach the limit of the well earlier when they are exposed to lower concentrations of ZnO NPs.