TABLE 1.

Baseline characteristics for probiotic and placebo participants

	Probiotic (n = 25)	Placebo (n = 25)	P value
Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD)	31.7 ± 1.8	32.1 ± 1.3	0.32
Age, y (mean ± SD)	30.7 ± 4.5	30.7 ± 4.7	0.99
Gestational age at baseline, wk (mean ± SD)	15.5 ± 1.5	15.1 ± 1.4	0.36
High-risk disposition to GDM*, n (%)	7 (28)	11 (44)	0.38
No. of women reporting smoking during pregnancy	0	1	1.00
No. of women reporting smoking at conception	4	2	0.67

GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus. *Family history of diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, or glycosuria. Between group differences was done using 2-sample t-test or Fishers exact test.