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. 2020 Jun 24;8(1):e000958. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000958

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Representative images for (A–D) immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated duodenitis (ICI-Duo), (E–H) ICI-celiac disease (CeD), (I–L) CeD, and (M–P) normal duodenum are shown for routine H&E and immunostains for CD68, programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and programmed death 1 (PD-1), respectively. In comparison to normal duodenum and CeD, patients treated with ICI (ICI-Duo and ICI-CeD) show increased CD68+ macrophages and PD-L1+ cells in the lamina propria. Immunohistochemical evidence of PD-1 expression was uniformly low to absent across all groups.