Table 3.
COPD-Specific Healthcare Utilization per Decedent in the Last Two Years of Life, Adjusted for Age, Sex, and Race (n=146,240)
| Variables | Overall | Quintile 1 | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frequency of Encounters Per-Decedent | ||||||
| Inpatient | 82% (4%) | 78% (5%) | 81% (4%) | 82% (4%) | 83% (3%) | 85% (3%) |
| ICU Admission | 55% (11%) | 44% (9%) | 50% (8%) | 56% (7%) | 58% (8%) | 64% (10%) |
| Skilled Nursing Facility | 38% (7%) | 34% (7%) | 35% (6%) | 39% (6%) | 39% (5%) | 43% (6%) |
| Medical Equipment | 73% (4%) | 72% (5%) | 74% (4%) | 74% (4%) | 74% (4%) | 72% (3%) |
| Home Health Aide | 49% (9%) | 40% (9%) | 47% (8%) | 49% (7%) | 54% (6%) | 54% (5%) |
| Long-Term Care | 12% (7%) | 7% (5%) | 9% (5%) | 11% (4%) | 15% (8%) | 15% (8%) |
| Hospice Enrollment | 47% (9%) | 44% (10%) | 46% (9%) | 48% (7%) | 50% (7%) | 45% (9%) |
| Part-B Durable Medical Equipment | 4% (2%) | 4% (1%) | 4% (2%) | 4% (2%) | 4% (2%) | 5% (2%) |
| Part-B Emergency | 99% (1%) | 99% (1%) | 99% (1%) | 100% (‘%) | 99% (1%) | 99% (1%) |
| Part-B Imaging | 97% (2%) | 96% (2%) | 97% (2%) | 98% (1%) | 98% (1%) | 98% (1%) |
| Part-B Procedures | 89% (5%) | 85% (5%) | 87% (4%) | 90° (3%) | 91% (3%) | 92% (3%) |
| Part-B Ambulance | 75% (10%) | 70% (10%) | 72% (12%) | 75% (10%) | 79% (8%) | 80% (5%) |
| Part-B Tests | 96% (3%) | 94% (3%) | 96% (2%) | 97% (2%) | 97% (2%) | 97% (1%) |
| Part-B Other | 93% (5%) | 89% (6%) | 92% (5 | 94% (2%) | 95% (3%) | 96% (2%) |
| Number of Visits Per-Decedent | ||||||
| Inpatient Physician | 30.7 (13.4) | 19.3 (5.4) | 22.9 (5.8) | 28.6 (6.5) | 35.0 (10.0) | 47.9 (13.7) |
| Emergency Room | 2.9 (0.5) | 2.5 (0.6) | 2.9 (0.5) | 3.1 (0.4) | 3.1 (0.4) | 3.0 (0.3) |
| Home Health | 24.4 (13.7) | 14.4 (7.3) | 23.7 (11.7) | 23.9 (11.9) | 30.1 (13.7) | 29.7 (16.3) |
| Primary Care Physician | 24.1 (4.9) | 20.0 (3.4) | 21.9 (3.1) | 23.4 (2.6) | 25.7 (3.6) | 29.2 (5.4) |
| Specialist Physician | 22.9 (10.6) | 13.9 (4.3) | 16.3 (4.5) | 21.2 (4.8) | 26.7 (8.6) | 36.5 (10.0) |
| Rural and Federally Qualified Health Clinics | 1.4 (1.4) | 2.0 (1.6) | 1.8 (1.7) | 1.5 (1.2) | 1.1 (1.0) | 0.6 (1.3) |
| Length of Stay Per-Decedent (Days) | ||||||
| Inpatient | 13.7 (3.6) | 11.2 (2.4) | 12.5 (2.0) | 13.4 (1.9) | 14.4 (1.9) | 17.1 (3.2) |
| ICU | 5.4 (2.5) | 3.3 (1.4) | 4.3 (1.5) | 5.3 (1.6) | 6.0 (1.8) | 8.1 (2.7) |
| Skilled Nursing Fa’ilit. | 18.7 (4.9) | 14.8 (3.8) | 16.9 (3.7) | 19.1 (4.2) | 20.0 (4.6) | 22.8 (4.3) |
| Hospice | 39.7 (14.8) | 37.1 (17.8) | 42.7 (15.6) | 41.0 (13.0) | 42.8 (12.4) | 35.1 (13.2) |
Notes: Data is presented as n (%) or mean (standard deviation).