Table 1:
Performance of ICD-10 Codes and Medications for the Identification of Persons with Hepatic Encephalopathy
| Codes/Medications | Cohort | Proportion of exposed with HE | Sensitivity (95% CI) |
Specificity (95% CI) |
PPV (95% CI) |
NPV (95% CI) |
AUROC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K72.90 | UM | 28/33 | 0.41 (0.30–0.53) |
0.98 (0.95–0.99) |
0.85 (0.69–0.93) |
0.85 (0.80–0.89) |
0.70 |
| VA | 17/19 | 0.46 (0.31 – 0.62) |
0.99 (0.97 – 1.0) |
0.90 (0.69 – 0.97) |
0.93 (0.89 – 0.95) |
0.73 | |
| K72.91 | UM | 0/1 | 0 | 0.99 (0.98–1.00) |
0 | 1.00 (0.98–1.00) |
0.50 |
| VA | 1/1 | 0.03 (0.01 – 0.14) |
1.0 (0.99 – 1.0) |
1.0 (0.21 – 1.0) |
0.88 (0.84 – 0.91) |
0.51 | |
| G93.40 | UM | 0/0 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| VA | 6/8 | 0.16 (0.08 – 0.31) |
0.99 (0.97 – 1.0) |
0.75 (0.41 – 0.93) |
0.89 (0.85 – 0.92) |
0.58 | |
| G93.49 | UM | 0/0 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a |
| VA | 0/0 | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | N/a | |
| Lactulose | UM | 52/57 | 0.77 (0.65 – 0.85) |
0.98 (0.95 – 0.99) |
0.91 (0.81 – 0.96) |
0.93 (0.90 – 0.96) |
0.87 |
| VA | 35/48 | 0.95 (0.82 – 0.99) |
0.95 (0.92 – 0.97) |
0.73 (0.59 – 0.83) |
0.99 (0.97 – 1.0) |
0.94 | |
| Rifaximin | UM | 25/26 | 0.37 (0.26 – 0.49) |
0.99 (0.98 – 1.00) |
0.96 (0.81 – 0.99) |
0.84 (0.80 – 0.88) |
0.68 |
| VA | 20/23 | 0.54 (0.38 – 0.69) |
0.99 (0.97–1.0) |
0.87 (0.68 – 0.96) |
0.94 (0.90 – 0.96) |
0.76 | |
| Lactulose or rfiaximin | UM | 64/66 | 0.94 (0.85 – 0.98) |
0.96 (0.93 – 0.98) |
0.88 (0.78 – 0.93) |
0.98 (0.96 – 0.99) |
0.95 |
| VA | 35/49 | 0.95 (0.82 – 0.99) |
0.95 (0.92 – 0.97) |
0.71 (0.58 – 0.82) |
0.99 (0.97 – 1.0) |
0.77 | |
| Lactulose and rifaxmin | UM | 20/20 | 0.29 (0.20 – 0.40) |
1.0 (0.98 – 1.00) |
1.0 (0.84 – 1.00) |
0.83 (0.78 – 0.87) |
0.65 |
| VA | 29/22 | 0.54 (0.38 – 0.69) |
0.99 (0.97 – 1.0) |
0.91 (0.72 – 0.98) |
0.94 (0.90 – 0.96) |
0.95 |
UM = University of Michigan prospective cohort. VA = Veterans Affairs, retrospective random sample from national cohort. NPV = negative predictive value, PPV = positive predictive value