Table 3.
Univariate statistical analysis of fasting samples (Down syndrome (DS), n = 76; healthy control (CTRL), n = 35).
| Metabolites | DS (median) | CTRL (median) | DS/CTRL median | p-value | p-value after FDR Correction |
| Leucine | 0.00361293 | 0.003694505 | 0.98 | 0.3591 | 0.4840 |
| Isoleucine | 0.00042202 | 0.000475091 | 0.89 | 0.1063 | 0.2059 |
| Valine | 0.00374662 | 0.003824309 | 0.98 | 0.5700 | 0.6796 |
| Alanine | 0.00483927 | 0.004903123 | 0.99 | 0.5277 | 0.6544 |
| Acetate | 0.00090934 | 0.000736206 | 1.24 | 0.0015 | 0.0137 |
| Pyruvate | 0.00226253 | 0.002109906 | 1.07 | 0.0085 | 0.0528 |
| Acetone | 0.00057523 | 0.000517008 | 1.11 | 0.1857 | 0.3199 |
| Glutamine | 0.00642759 | 0.006454857 | 1.00 | 0.8415 | 0.8696 |
| Citrate | 0.00042516 | 0.000385006 | 1.10 | 0.0996 | 0.2058 |
| Glycine | 0.00215948 | 0.002230915 | 0.97 | 0.6409 | 0.7358 |
| Creatine | 0.00114727 | 0.001000137 | 1.15 | 0.0018 | 0.0137 |
| Creatinine | 0.00045933 | 0.000489828 | 0.94 | 0.7342 | 0.7848 |
| Lactate | 0.00413212 | 0.003602912 | 1.15 | 0.0495 | 0.1395 |
| Glucose | 0.02830345 | 0.027789163 | 1.02 | 0.3054 | 0.4303 |
| Mannose | 0.00008250 | 8.55137E-05 | 0.96 | 0.6963 | 0.7709 |
| Tyrosine | 0.00060915 | 0.000681629 | 0.89 | 0.0166 | 0.0828 |
| Histidine | 0.00034121 | 0.000361783 | 0.94 | 0.0307 | 0.1030 |
| Phenylalanine | 0.00035893 | 0.000336898 | 1.07 | 0.4111 | 0.5311 |
| Formate | 0.00020937 | 0.00018 | 1.16 | 0.0187 | 0.0828 |
| Fumarate | 0.00001415 | 1.25068E-05 | 1.13 | 0.2377 | 0.3879 |
| Threonine | 0.00020752 | 0.000231226 | 0.90 | 0.0932 | 0.2058 |
| Lysine | 0.00049623 | 0.000488073 | 1.02 | 0.9873 | 0.9873 |
| Acetatoacetate | 0.00026706 | 0.000167242 | 1.60* | 0.0265 | 0.1029 |
| Methionine | 0.00082180 | 0.000730695 | 1.12 | 0.0332 | 0.1030 |
| unk1 | 0.00008045 | 8.6702E-05 | 0.93 | 0.0920 | 0.2058 |
| unk2 | 0.00005625 | 4.58131E-05 | 1.23 | 0.0957 | 0.2058 |
| unk3 | 0.00104660 | 0.000699813 | 1.50* | 0.0000016 | 0.000025 |
| 3-hydroxybutyrate | 0.00042926 | 0.000398342 | 1.08 | 0.2994 | 0.4303 |
| Succinate | 7.3119E-05 | 4.65665E-05 | 1.57* | 0.0000001 | 0.0000035 |
| 2-hydroxybutyrate | 0.00011189 | 7.75603E-05 | 1.44* | 0.1753 | 0.3196 |
| Proline | 0.00025412 | 0.000230208 | 1.10 | 0.2878 | 0.4303 |
The table contains the list of metabolites analyzed with NMR from samples taken from fasting patient. We reported both p-value of the univariate Wilcoxon test and p-value after FDR correction for each metabolite. Metabolites that show significant concentration differences in the two groups (p-value < 0.05) and/or show values in the interval next to 3:2 are reported in bold. *Values in the interval next to 3:2 (range 1.3–1.7).