Fig. 1. Nauclefine induces apoptosis of HeLa cells.

a HeLa cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of nauclefine for 48 h, then cell viability was determined by measuring the ATP level (n = 4). The chemical structure of nauclefine is shown. Representative data are shown from three independent experiments (mean ± SD) and the p values from two-tailed unpaired Student’s t tests are indicated. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. b HeLa cells were transfected with the phospholipase C Delta 1-GFP (PLCD1-GFP) vector, then cells were treated with DMSO or nauclefine (200 nM). Pictures were taken under confocal microscopy. Experiments were repeated twice. Scale bars, 10 µM. c HeLa cells were treated with nauclefine (200 nM) for the indicated times, then cells were stained for PI and Annexin V, and analyzed by flow cytometry. d HeLa cells were treated with 200 nM nauclefine for the indicated times, then cells were collected for western blot analysis. Western blots represent three independent replicates.