Table 1.

Preclinical treatment of Down syndrome mouse models with EGCG-containing green tea extracts and/or other formulations.

Mouse model	Sex	Age	EGCG	Treatment duration	Observed Effects	Ref
YACtg152F7	N/A	0–3 months	Green tea infusion (0.6–1 mg/day EGCG) Polyphenon 60 (27% EGCG, 1.2 mg/day EGCG)	Gestation-adulthood	• Normaled brain size • Improved novel object recognition memory	58
TgDyrk1A	female	1 month	Mega Green Tea Extract (45% EGCG, 2–3 mg/day EGCG, ~40–60 mg/kg/day EGCG23)	1 month	• Reduced DYRK1A kinase activity in the hippocampus • Reduction to WT levels of the density of proliferating (Ki67+) dentate gyrus neural progenitor cells • Normalized proportion of proliferating cells exiting the cell cycle	59
mBACtgDyrk1a	male	4–6 months	LifeExtension For Longer Life (45% EGCG, 120–200 mg/kg/day EGCG)	4–6 weeks	• Restored spine density • Improved long term potentiation • Normalized associated biochemical markers	54
TgDyrk1a and Ts65Dn	male	3 months	Mega Green Tea Extract (45% EGCG, 2–3 mg/day EGCG)	1 month	• Rescued object recognition memory impairment	20
mBACtgDyrk1a and Ts65Dn	male	3–4 months	Polyphenon 60 (27% EGCG, 60 mg/kg/day EGCG) Mega Green Tea Extract (45% EGCG, 60 mg/kg/day EGCG)	4–6 weeks	• Improved novel object recognition discrimination in YACtgDyrk1a mice • Improved spontaneous alternation in Ts65Dn mice	60
TgBACDyrk1A	male	2 months	FontUp (0.5% EGCG, 5 mg/kg/day EGCG)	2–8 days	• Increased plasma homocysteine • Increased glutathione • Decreased alanine aminotransferase • Increased BDNF • Normalization of erk and Akt phosphorylation	31