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. 2020 Jun 26;11:3226. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16979-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a The change in current ΔI_ds = ΔI_i versus time t for all seven ISFETs measured concurrently in a multi-ion electrolytic solution, spiked at different time intervals with salt mixtures as illustrated by the arrows. b, c The calculated concentrations a_i of the cations and anions, respectively, from the measured currents as determined from the Nikolskii–Eisenman equations. d The accuracy of concentration estimation by the ISFET sensor array is analyzed by comparing the concentrations calculated from the ISFET array currents in the shaded time interval with the concentration determined from the volume and mass of the added salts.