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. 2020 Jun 26;11:3226. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16979-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — a An optical image of the ISFET array in an aquarium containing duckweed. b The measured ion concentrations in the aquarium over time. The concentrations were calculated from the measured currents using the series of Nikolskii–Eisenman equations. After the eighth day, salts were added to the aquarium as nutrients for the plants.