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. 2020 Jun 26;11:3257. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-16814-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A tumor microenvironment turns acidic when the tissue transforms from pre-malignant cells into invasive cancer. The ONM-100 nanoparticles extravasate due to the enhanced permeability of the tumor vasculature and are then retained due to the poor lymph drainage in the tumor tissue. This leads to ONM-100 accumulation in the acidic extracellular matrix causing the pH activated fluorescence to switch from the “off” (green) to the “on” (red) state. pH_e: extracellular pH, pH_t: threshold pH.