Table 1.

Basic characteristics of included studies.

First author, year	Country	Age (mean ± SD)	Rosacea (no.)	Control (no.)	Match factors	Rosacea subtype	Rosacea diagnosis	CVDs and related risk diseases	Reference
Sinikumpu, 2019	Finland	46	146	278	Gender, BMI, and tobacco use	Erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular rosacea	ICD-10	N/A	13
Marius, 2019	Romania	47.87 ± 15.11	46	39	Age and gender	Erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular rosacea	National Rosacea Society criteria	MS, HBP	14
Son, 2018	Korea	47.21 ± 15.01	2,536	1,396,992	N/A	N/A	ICD-10	IS, PAOD, IHD, DLP, DM, HBP	12
Belli, 2017	Turkey	50.63 ± 8.45	85	90	Age, gender, and BMI	Erythematotelangiectatic and papulopustular rosacea	N/A	MS	18
Egeberg, 2016	Denmark	49.2 ± 14.5	4,948	23,823	Age, gender, and calendar time	N/A	ICD-10	CD, MACE, IS, MI, HS, DM, HBP	16
Marshall, 2016	USA	49.1 ± 9.0	2,090	4,263	Age and gender	N/A	ICD-9	CVD,DM,	17
Rainer, 2015	USA	50.6 ± 14.1	65	65	Age, gender, and race	Erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular rosacea	National Rosacea Society criteria	MS, HBP	11
Hua, 2015	China, Taiwan	44	33,553	67,106	Age and gender	N/A	ICD-9	IS, PAOD, CAD, DLP, DM, HBP	10
Duman, 2014	Turkey	44.65 ± 12.9	60	50	Age and gender	Erythematotelangiectatic, papulopustular, phymatous, and ocular rosacea	National Rosacea Society criteria	N/A	9
Spoendlin, 2014	UK	N/A	53,927	53,927	Age, gender, general practice, and calendar time	N/A	N/A	IS/TIA, MI, IHD, HF, DLP, DM, HBP	15

BMI: body mass index; N/A: not applicable; CD: cardiovascular death; CVDs: cardiovascular diseases; MACE: major adverse cardiovascular events; IS: ischemic stroke; TIA: transient ischemic attack; PAOD: peripheral atherosclerotic occlusive disease; MI: myocardial infarction; IHD: ischemic heart disease; CAD: coronary artery disease; HS: hemorrhagic stroke; HF: heart failure; HBP: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; DLP: dyslipidemia; MS: metabolic syndrome.