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. 2020 Mar 16;12(3):203–212. doi: 10.1093/inthealth/ihaa002

Table 3.

The effect of hypertension management on SBP and DBP

Variable 2012 compared with 2009 2014 compared with 2009
SBP, mmHg DBP, mmHg SBP, mmHg DBP, mmHg
Median (95% CI) p-Value Median (95% CI) p-Value Median (95% CI) p-Value Median (95% CI) p-Value
Total 8.00 (7.06 to 8.26) <0.01 6.00 (5.76 to 6.53) <0.01 7.00 (5.16 to 6.51) <0.01 6.50 (5.49 to 6.39) <0.01
Sex
 Male 8.00 (6.59 to 8.44) <0.01 7.00 (5.7 to 6.93) <0.01 7.00 (4.7 to 6.78) <0.01 6.00 (5.43 to 6.77) <0.01
 Female 9.00 (6.97 to 8.54) <0.01 6.00 (5.55 to 6.53) <0.01 7.00 (4.95 to 6.68) <0.01 6.00 (5.29 to 6.37) <0.01
 Difference −0.24 (−1.46 to 0.99) 0.70 0.27 (−0.51 to 1.06) 0.50 −0.08 (−1.43 to 1.28) 0.91 0.27 (−0.59 to 1.13) 0.54
Community
 Urban 10.00 (7.55 to 9.49) <0.01 6.00 (5.6 to 6.83) <0.01 8.00 (5.53 to 7.73) <0.01 7.00 (5.49 to 6.88) <0.01
 Rural 8.00 (6.32 to 7.84) <0.01 6.00 (5.61 to 6.6) <0.01 6.00 (4.4 to 6.06) <0.01 6.00 (5.24 to 6.30) <0.01
 Difference 1.44 (0.22 to 2.66) 0.02 0.11 (−0.68 to 0.89) 0.78 1.40 (0.04 to 1.76) 0.04 0.42 (−0.45 to 1.28) 0.34
Age group (years)
 18–44 10.00 (−0.97 to 9.79) 0.11 10.00 (1.48 to 10) <0.01 8.00 (2.83 to 18.88) 0.01 10.00 (0.28 to 12.19) 0.04
 45–54 8.00 (5.11 to 9.35) <0.01 7.00 (5.55 to 8.62) <0.01 10.00 (3.11 to 8.75) <0.01 7.50 (1.92 to 6.24) <0.01
 55–64 10.00 (8.09 to 10.52) <0.01 8.00 (6.22 to 7.87) <0.01 8.00 (5.92 to 9.12) <0.01 6.00 (4.77 to 7.14) <0.01
 65–74 10.00 (6.71 to 8.67) <0.01 6.00 (5.36 to 6.59) <0.01 8.00 (3.97 to 6.26) <0.01 6.00 (4.86 to 6.33) <0.01
 ≥75 8.00 (5.8 to 7.95) <0.01 6.00 (5.03 to 6.37) <0.01 6.00 (3.77 to 6.07) <0.01 6.00 (5.28 to 6.64) <0.01
 Difference 0.04 0.11 0.10 0.54
Medicinal treatment
 Yes 8.00 (7.47 to 8.91) <0.01 6.00 (5.84 to 6.81) <0.01 8.00 (5.4 to 6.96) <0.01 7.00 (5.58 to 6.57) <0.01
 No 7.00 (5.18 to 7.29) <0.01 6.00 (5.18 to 6.43) <0.01 6.00 (3.5 to 6.07) <0.01 6.00 (4.76 to 6.41) <0.01
 Difference 1.95 (0.7 to 3.21) <0.01 0.52 (−0.29 to 1.34) 0.21 1.39 (−0.07 to 2.86) 0.06 0.49 (−0.44 to 1.42) 0.30
Antihypertensive agents
 Diuretics 6.00 (4.13 to 8.19) <0.01 6.00 (4.17 to 6.69) <0.01 7.00 (3.14 to 7.06) <0.01 6.00 (3.41 to 5.97) <0.01
 Calcium ion antagonists 7.00 (4.54 to 9.49) <0.01 6.00 (4.28 to 6.91) <0.01 6.00 (3.13 to 6.43) <0.01 7.00 (4.83 to 6.82) <0.01
 ACEIsa 7.00 (4.53 to 8.48) <0.01 6.00 (5.02 to 7.51) <0.01 8.00 (4.82 to 9.89) <0.01 7.00 (4.23 to 7.39) <0.01
 Angiotensin II receptor antagonists 2.00 (−3.19 to 5.29) 0.62 4.00 (1.13 to 6.52) <0.01 6.00 (1.72 to 6.79) <0.01 6.00 (5.1 to 7.99) <0.01
 Compound preparations 5.00 (−2.21 to 10.57) 0.19 4.50 (0.42 to 6.96) 0.03 9.50 (3.31 to 11.76) <0.01 7.00 (5.39 to 12.03) <0.01
 Combinations of two or more drugs 10.00 (4.65 to 9.54) <0.01 8.00 (5.48 to 8.38) <0.01 10.00 (5.95 to 9.05) <0.01 8.00 (5.34 to 7.37) <0.01
Smoking
 Yes 6.00 (4.22 to 7.97) <0.01 5.00 (3.29 to 5.70) <0.01 5.00 (1.57 to 6.96) <0.01 5.00 (3.48 to 6.75) <0.01
 No 8.00 (6.84 to 8.36) <0.01 6.00 (5.63 to 6.59) <0.01 6.00 (3.93 to 5.6) <0.01 6.00 (5.07 to 6.14) <0.01
 Difference −1.51 (−3.64 to 0.63) 0.17 −1.62 (−2.98 to −0.26) 0.02 −0.50 (−3.26 to 2.26) 0.72 −0.50 (−2.26 to 1.27) 0.58
Overweight/obesityb
 Yes 7.00 (5.32 to 7.42) <0.01 5.00 (4.75 to 6.12) <0.01 5.00 (2.98 to 5.21) <0.01 6.00 (4.81 to 6.27) <0.01
 No 8.00 (6.75 to 8.43) <0.01 6.00 (5.46 to 6.49) <0.01 8.00 (5.80 to 7.52) <0.01 6.00 (5.50 to 6.56) <0.01
 Difference −1.22 (−2.58 to 0.14) 0.08 −0.54 (−1.39 to 0.31) 0.21 −2.56 (−3.97 to 1.16) <0.01 −0.49 (−1.38 to 0.40) 0.28

aMeans are significantly different from those of other groups.

bUsing BMI ≥25 as a classification standard in 2012 and 2014.

Source: Authors’ field work, from 2009 to 2014.