Table 3.
Summary of environmental factors by local government areas.
| Environmental factors | AB | CM | CS | OB | YL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sources of drinking water | |||||
| Open sources | 242 (53.7) | 89 (63.6) | 161 (76.7) | 229 (100) | 166 (100) |
| Closed sources | 209 (46.3) | 51 (36.4) | 49 (23.3) | – | – |
| Sources of household water | |||||
| Open sources | 270 (59.7) | 92 (65.7) | 162 (77.1) | 229 (100) | 166 (100) |
| Closed sources | 182 (40.3) | 48 (34.3) | 48 (22.9) | – | – |
| Water treatment | |||||
| No treatment | 139 (29.5) | 112 (78.3) | 168 (80.4) | 30 (13.1) | 14 (8.4) |
| Treatment of water | 332 (70.5) | 31 (21.7) | 41 (19.6) | 199 (86.9) | 152 (91.6) |
| Household hand washing arrangements | |||||
| No arrangements | 120 (25.6) | 4 (2.8) | – | 118 (51.3) | 7 (4.2) |
| Some arrangements | 140 (29.9) | 26 (18.3) | 58 (27.6) | 58 (25.2) | 103 (62) |
| Adequate arrangements | 208 (44.4) | 112 (78.9) | 152 (72.4) | 54 (23.5) | 56 (33.7) |
| Hand washing-when? | |||||
| None | 115 (24.4) | 10 (7.1) | – | 56 (24.5) | 34 (20.6) |
| After work | 16 (3.4) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (1) | 43 (18.8) | 13 (7.9) |
| After toilet/child stool disposal | 283 (60.1) | 114 (80.9) | 161 (76.7) | 59 (25.8) | 104 (63) |
| Before food preparation | 57 (12.1) | 16 (11.3) | 47 (22.4) | 71 (31) | 14 (8.5) |
| Hand washing technique | |||||
| Know some steps | 345 (73.4) | 120 (84.5) | 205 (98.1) | 222 (96.9) | 117 (70.5) |
| Know all steps | 125 (26.6) | 22 (15.5) | 4 (1.9) | 7 (3.1) | 49 (29.5) |
| Toilet facilities | |||||
| Open defecation | 187 (40.6) | – | – | 99 (43.4) | 110 (67.1) |
| Pit latrine/ventilated improved pit latrine | 211 (45.8) | 68 (47.6) | 159 (76.1) | 123 (53.9) | 29 (17.7) |
| Flush system toilet | 63 (13.7) | 75 (52.4) | 50 (23.9) | 6 (2.6) | 25 (15.2) |
| Child stool disposal | |||||
| Open/buried/covered in sand | 37 (8.1) | – | – | 57 (30.3) | 82 (50) |
| Into garbage/gutter | 250 (54.7) | 10 (7.1) | 31 (14.8) | 57 (30.3) | 32 (19.5) |
| Into the toilet | 170 (37.2) | 131 (92.9) | 179 (85.2) | 74 (39.4) | 50 (30.5) |
Data are presented as n (%).
AB = Abi; CM = Calabar Municipality; CS = Calabar South; OB = Obanliku; YL = Yala.