Table 2.
Odds ratio for the occurrence of chronic diseases as dependent variable and related factors as independent variables.
| Entire population | Men | Women | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR (95% CI) | |
| Age (year) | 1.05 (1.04–1.06)* | 1.05 (1.03–1.06)* | 1.05 (1.03–1.06)* | 1.05 (1.03–1.07)* | 1.05 (1.03–1.07)* | 1.05 (1.03–1.06)* |
| Monthly income | ||||||
| Lower | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Middle | 0.73 (0.58–0.91)* | 0.76 (0.60–0.96)* | 0.79 (0.55–1.13) | 0.82 (0.55–1.22) | 0.71 (0.53–0.95)* | 0.75 (0.55–1.01) |
| Upper | 0.77 (0.62–0.95)* | 0.79 (0.62–1.01) | 0.87 (0.62–1.21) | 0.85 (0.57–1.27) | 0.72 (0.55–0.95)* | 0.80 (0.58–1.09) |
| Education (year) | ||||||
| Elementary | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Incomplete secondary | 0.59 (0.41–0.86)* | 0.86 (0.58–1.28) | 0.45 (0.23–0.85) | 0.58 (0.30–1.15) | 0.80 (0.50–1.28) | 1.21 (0.73–2.01) |
| Complete secondary | 0.44 (0.31–0.63)* | 0.73 (0.49–1.08) | 0.35 (0.18–0.67)* | 0.51 (0.26–1.02) | 0.50 (0.33–0.78)* | 0.92 (0.56–1.50) |
| Vocational | 0.66 (0.44–0.98)* | 1.04 (0.68–1.61) | 0.70 (0.32–1.50)* | 1.03 (0.45–2.37) | 0.65 (0.41–1.03) | 1.12 (0.67–1.88) |
| University | 0.57 (0.39–0.82)* | 0.90 (0.59–1.36) | 0.53 (0.28–1.02) | 0.69 (0.34–1.41) | 0.60 (0.38–0.94)* | 1.11 (0.66–1.88) |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Social class I | 1.03 (0.82–1.29) | 1.81 (0.87–1.61) | 1.52 (1.05–2.18)* | 1.27 (0.78–2.09) | 0.81 (0.60–1.08) | 1.04 (0.69–1.56) |
| Social class II | 0.98 (0.76–1.26) | 1.01 (0.73–4.40) | 0.68 (0.44–1.06) | 0.51 (0.28–0.92)* | 1.07 (0.77–1.48) | 1.23 (0.82–1.84) |
| Social class III | 1.14 (0.74–1.76) | 1.36 (0.86–2.14) | 1.15 (0.53–2.49) | 1.55 (0.69–3.50) | 1.06 (0.62–1.79) | 1.24 (0.70–2.17) |
| Social class IV | 0.96 (0.59–1.54) | 1.20 (0.73–1.97) | 1.06 (0.61–1.84) | 1.28 (0.71–2.31) | 1.94 (0.55–6.80) | 2.03 (0.57–7.32) |
| Social class V | 1.01 (0.73–1.42) | 1.18 (0.82–1.69) | 1.60 (0.94–2.73) | 1.80 (1.02–3.15)* | 0.73 (0.47–1.15) | 0.88 (0.55–1.42) |
| Social class VI | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Smoking habits | ||||||
| Non-smoker | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Current smoker | 0.81 (0.66–1.00) | 0.82 (0.65–1.02) | 0.92 (0.68–1.25) | 0.98 (0.71–1.37) | 1.03 (0.68–1.57) | 0.97 (0.63–1.50) |
| Ex-smoker | 1.25 (0.82–1.88) | 1.16 (0.75–1.78) | 1.15 (0.72–1.86) | 1.15 (0.69–1.92) | – | – |
| Alcohol drinking habits | ||||||
| Non | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Low moderate | 0.76 (0.59–0.98)* | 0.86 (0.66–1.12) | 1.12 (0.66–1.89) | 1.15 (0.66–2.00) | 0.68 (0.51–0.90)* | 0.76 (0.56–1.03) |
| High moderate | 0.72 (0.56–0.93)* | 0.86 (0.65–1.13) | 0.72 (0.46–1.12) | 0.82 (0.51–1.31) | 0.79 (0.57–1.10) | 0.94 (0.66–1.33) |
| Heavy | 0.75 (0.59–0.94)* | 0.88 (0.69–1.14) | 0.93 (0.65–1.33) | 1.09 (0.75–1.60) | 0.80 (0.55–1.16) | 0.90 (0.61–1.33) |
| Physical activity | ||||||
| Yes | 0.74 (0.57–0.96)* | 0.71 (0.54–0.93)* | 0.52 (0.34–0.79)* | 0.46 (0.29–0.71)* | 0.92 (0.65–1.29) | 0.95 (0.67–1.35) |
| No | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Fruit consumption habits | ||||||
| Yes | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| No | 1.06 (0.87–1.29) | 0.92 (0.75–1.14) | 0.88 (0.66–1.18) | 0.70 (0.51–0.96)* | 1.34 (1.02–1.77)* | 1.19 (0.88–1.59) |
OR = odds ratio, CI = confidential interval. Multivariate OR: adjusted for all factors. Age was used as a continuous variable). Physical activity was defined in cases with at least 10 min walk a day.
*
P values: <0.05.