Table 4.

Indian studies on prevalence of primary multi-drug resistant tuberculosis in India.

Authors	Year of publication & place	Study setting	Study design	Sample size	MDR rate (%)	Refs.
Present study	2011–12 New Delhi, India	Lala Ram Sarup District with 12 Designated Microscopy Centres. Population of 0.8 million	Drug resistance estimation to first and second line anti-tubercular agents among new cases	450	4.00
Sharma et al.	2008–2009 New Delhi, India	Designated Microscopy Centre at Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital	Drug resistance estimation to first line anti-tubercular agents among sputum positive cases	218	1.10	[5]
D’Souza et al.	2004–7 Mumbai, India	Four central wards in Mumbai with high sputum-positive case load. Population 3 million	Levels of drug resistance to first line anti-tubercular agents in new and first line treatment-failure cases	493	24	[13]
Joseph et al.	2006 Kerala, India	Ernakulam District	Level of drug resistance to first line anti-tubercular agents among new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases	344	2	[14]
Ramachandran et al.	2005 Gujarat, India	State of Gujarat. 56 million population	Drug resistant survey to first and second line anti-tubercular agents on representative samples of new and previously treated pulmonary TB	1571	2.40	[15]
Paramasivan et al.	2002 Tamil Nadu & Karnataka, India	23 centres in North Arcot district and 20 centres in Raichur district	Levels of drug resistance to first line anti-tuberculars and ofloxacin in new and previously treated cases of pulmonary TB	320, 314	3	[16]
Jain et al.	2000–2, Lucknow, India	One Primary Level Centre and one District Tuberculosis Centre and One Tertiary Centre Hospital	Prevalence of multi-drug resistance in three different levels of health care	1014	13.20	[17]
Jain et al.	1990–91, New Delhi, India	Intermediate Reference Laboratory	Retrospective study of drug resistance levels to first line anti-tubercular agents in new and previously treated	NA	0.60	[18]

NA: not available.